以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象，从抑制率，有效剂量，起效时间，抑制时效和使用成本等方面评价了酚酸类，生物碱类，脂肪酸和酯类共13种化感物质的抑藻效应.结果表明，生物碱类物质对微藻生长的抑制效果最强，其抑制率（>80%）高达酚酸类，脂肪酸和酯类化感物质的4~52倍，其抑藻时效也显著长于酚酸类，脂肪酸和酯类化感物质.生物碱类物质中，血根碱具有最大饱和抑制率（>90%），但其单位剂量的抑藻率[11%/（mg/L）]仅为白屈菜红碱，芦竹碱和小檗碱的16%，49%和63%；白屈菜红碱对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用最为灵敏高效，抑制铜绿微囊藻所需的最低剂量为0.2mg/L，最短时间为0.4d，且在2mg/L条件下便能维持7d以上的抑制时效.4种生物碱中，血根碱与白屈菜红碱的使用成本较高，超过芦竹碱和小檗碱的800倍.综合各项抑藻特性，植物化感物质的抑藻能力顺序前四为白屈菜红碱 > 小檗碱 > 血根碱 > 芦竹碱；抑藻成本顺序前四为：壬酸 < 芦竹碱 < 小檗碱 < PHBA.
Abstract
Algae-inhibiting effects of 13 allelochemicals on Microcystis aeruginosa were evaluated in terms of efficiency, dosage, efficient time, duration and cost. Alkaloids were the category of allelochemicals that showed maximum growth inhibition (>80%) on M. aeruginosa, being 4~52 times higher than those of phenolic acids, fatty acids and esters. Alkaloids also showed longer inhibitory duration on M. aeruginosa than other allelochemicals. Among alkaloids, sanguinarine was the one that showed maximum total inhibitory efficiency (>90%) but lowest specific inhibitory efficiency[11%/(mg/L)] which was only 16%, 49% and 63% of that of chelerythrine, gramine and berberine. Chelerythrine was the alkaloid that is most sensitive for inhibiting M. aeruginosa, with the efficient dosage being 0.2mg/L, the efficient time being 0.4d, and the duration longer than 7d (under 2mg/L). The evaluation of cost-efficiency for alkaloids demonstrated that sanguinarine and chelerythrine were less cost-efficient with the cost being 800 times higher than those of gramine and berberine. A comprehensive comparison demonstrated that the allelochemicals followed an order of chelerythrine, berberine, sanguinarine and gramine based on the inhibitory properties, and followed an order of nonanoic acid, gramine, berberine and PHBA based on the cost-efficiency.
关键词
化感物质 /
铜绿微囊藻 /
抑制率 /
抑制时效 /
抑制速率 /
有效剂量
Key words
Microcystis aeruginosa /
allelochemical /
duration /
efficient dosage /
inhibition rate /
inhibitory efficiency
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参考文献
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基金
科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFC0406300）；清华大学（环境学院）-成都市兴蓉环境股份有限公司水务先进技术联合研究中心研发课题
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