Abstract：In order to explore the synergistic characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 of the urban atmosphere in PRD region, an enhanced observation of air pollution was performed in autumn, when the photochemical reactions are more active, at Shenzhen university town. The maximum 8hours average of O3 (O3_8h) showed strong positive relationship with PM2.5 and the correlation of O3_8h with formaldehyde, a typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is stronger than that with NO2. The aerosol mass spectrometer was used to measure the chemical composition of submicron aerosol online. Five types of organic aerosols (OA) were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF), of which the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounted 50% of the bulk OA. According to the correlation analysis between various pollutants, O3_8h showed strong correlation with SOA, but no obvious correlation with nitrate (NO3-). The correlation analysis demonstrates that VOCs play a more important role than NOx in the coupling formation process of atmospheric fine particles and O3 in Shenzhen urban areas, and VOCs emission reduction is the key to collaborative control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in Shenzhen.
冯凝, 唐梦雪, 李孟林, 陈瑶, 曹礼明, 何凌燕, 黄晓锋. 深圳市城区VOCs对PM2.5和O3耦合生成影响研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(1): 11-17.
FENG Ning, TANG Meng-xue, LI Meng-lin, CHEN Yao, CAO Li-ming, HE Ling-yan, HUANG Xiao-feng. Research on the influence of VOCs on the coupling generation of PM2.5 and O3 in Shenzhen. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(1): 11-17.
Qiao L P, Cai J, Wang H L, et al.PM2.5 constituents and hospital emergency-room visits in Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014,48(17):10406-10414.
[2]
Chow J C, Watson J G, Kuhns H, et al. Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J]. Chemosphere, 2004,54(2):185-208.
[3]
Aunan K, Berntsen T K, Seip H M. Surface ozone in China and its possible impact on agricultural crop yields[J]. Ambio., 2000,29:294301.
[4]
Felzer B S, Cronin T, Reilly J M, et al. Impacts of ozone on trees and crops[J]. C R Geosci, 2007,339:784-798.
[5]
Feng Z Z, Hu E Z, Wang X K, et al. Ground-level O3 pollution and its impacts on food crops in China:A review[J]. Environ. Pollut., 2015, 199:42-48.
[6]
生态环境部.中国空气质量改善报告(2013-2018年)[R]. 北京:生态环境部, 2019:1-5. Ministry of Ecological Environment. Air quality improvement report in China (2013-2018)[R]. Beijing:Ministry of Ecological Environment, 2019:1-5.
[7]
Lyu X P, Wang N, Guo H, et al. Causes of a continuous summertime O3 pollution event in Jinan, a central city in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019,19(5):3025-3042.
[8]
Qu Y W, Wang T J, Cai Y F, et al. Influence of atmospheric particulate matter on ozone in Nanjing, China:observational study and mechanistic analysis[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2018, 35(11):1381-1395.
[9]
Chan C K, Yao X. Air pollution in mega cities in China[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2008,42:1-42.
[10]
Wang T, Wei X L, Ding A J, et al. Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994-2007[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2009,9:6217-6227.
[11]
Ma Z Q, Xu J, Quan W J, et al. Significant increase of surface ozone at a rural site, north of eastern China[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2016,16:3969-3977.
[12]
Verstraeten W W, Neu J L, Williams J E, et al. Rapid increases in tropospheric ozone production and export from China[J]. Nat. Geosci., 2015,8:690-695.
[13]
Li K, Jacob D J, Liao H, et al. Anthropogenic drivers of 2013-2017 trends in summer surface ozone in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019,116(2):422-427.
[14]
Xing J, Wang J D, Mathu R R, et al. Impacts of aerosol direct effects on tropospheric ozone through changes in atmospheric dynamics and photolysis rates[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017,17(16):9869-9883.
[15]
Xu J, Zhang Y H, Zheng S Q. Aerosol effects on ozone concentrations in Beijing:a model sensitivity study[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012,24(4):645-656.
[16]
Lu K D, Guo S, Tan Z F, et al. Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China:the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution[J]. National Science Review, 2019,6:579-594.
[17]
任宇超,邹北冰,朱乔,等.深圳市近年来PM2.5污染控制效果分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017,2(2):117-121. Ren Y C, Zhou B B, Zhu Q, et al. Effects of control measures on Shenzhen PM2.5 pollution in recent years[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2017,2(2):117-121.
[18]
深圳市人居环境委员会.2016年度深圳市环境状况公报[R]. 深圳:深圳市生态环境局, 2017. Shenzhen Human Settlements and Environment Commission. Environmental status bulletin of Shenzhen in 2016[R]. Shenzhen:Shenzhen Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, 2017.
[19]
Huang X F, He L Y, Hu M, Canagaratna M R, et al. Characterization of submicron aerosols at a rural site in Pearl River Delta of China using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11(5):1865-1877.
[20]
Wang X M, Carmichael G, Chen D L, et al. Impacts of different emission sources on air quality during March 2001 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2005,39:5227-5241.
[21]
Wei X L, Li Y S, Lam K S, et al. Impact of biogenic VOC emissions on a tropical cyclone-related ozone episode in the Pearl River Delta region, China[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2007,41:7851-7864.
[22]
庄欣,黄晓锋,陈多宏,等.珠江三角洲PM2.5高污染天气的区域污染特征分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017,39(10):1088-1091. Zhuang X, Huang X F, Chen D H, et al. Analysis of regional pollution characteristics in high PM2.5 polluted days in Pearl River Delta[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2017,39(10):1088-1091.
[23]
DeCarlo P F, Kimmel J R, Trimborn A, et al. Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer[J]. Anal. Chem., 2006,78:8281-8289.
[24]
Canagaratna M R, Jayne J T, Jimenez J L, et al. Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer[J]. Mass Spectrom Rev., 2007,26:185-222.
[25]
曹礼明.基于高分辨气溶胶质谱的深圳大气细粒子来源与挥发性演变特征研究[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2018. Cao L M. The evolution of the source and volatility of submicron particles in Shenzhen based on HR-ToF-AMS[D]. Beijing:Peking University.
[26]
Paatero P, Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization:A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J]. Environmetrics, 1994,5(2):111-126.
[27]
Paatero P. Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis[J]. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 1997, 37(1):23-35.
[28]
Fan Q, Dasgupta P K. Continuous automated determination of atmospheric formaldehyde at the parts per trillion level[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1994,66(4):551-556.
[29]
Ho K, Lee S, Louie P K, et al. Seasonal variation of carbonyl compound concentrations in urban area of Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36(8):1259-1265.
[30]
Lui K H, Ho S S H, Louie P K K, et al. Seasonal behavior of carbonyls and source characterization of formaldehyde(HCHO) in ambient air[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017,152:51-60.
[31]
Wang C, Huang X F, Han Y, et al. Sources and potential photochemical roles of formaldehyde in an urban atmosphere in South China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2017,122:11934-11947.
[32]
Poschl U. Atmospheric aerosols:composition, transformation, climate and health effects[J]. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2005,44(46):7520-7540.
[33]
Yue D, et al. Characteristics of aerosol size distributions and new particle formation in the summer time in Beijing[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009,114(D2),D00G12.
[34]
Zhang R Y, Wang G H, Guo S, et al. Formation of urban fine particulate matter[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2015,115(10):3803-3855.
[35]
Jimenez J L, Canagaratna M R, Donahue N M, et al. Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere[J]. Science, 2009,326(5959):1525-1529.
[36]
Ng N L, Canagaratna M R, Zhang Q, et al. Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010, 10:4625-4641.
[37]
Mohr C, DeCarlo P F, Heringa M F, et al. Identification and quantification of organic aerosol from cooking and other sources in Barcelona using aerosol mass spectrometer data[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12:1649-1665.
[38]
Hu W W, Hu M, Hu W, et al. Chemical composition, sources and aging process of sub-micron aerosols in Beijing:contrast between summer and winter[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2016,121:1955-1977.
[39]
Lanz V A, Alfarra M R, Baltensperger U, et al. Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007,7:1503-1522.
