为探究呼和浩特市和乌海市夏冬季细颗粒物(PM2.5)的组分变化规律和污染特征及其区域输送.获取了大气超级站2022年6~8月、12月和2023年1~2月两个城市PM2.5及其水溶性离子、有机碳(OC)及元素碳(EC)、金属元素等化学组分的浓度和气象数据,并根据正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型和后向轨迹(HYSPLIT)模型对其来源和输送路径进行解析.结果表明, 两个城市PM2.5质量浓度冬季>夏季,且同一季节PM2.5质量浓度乌海市>呼和浩特市; 两个城市PM2.5在冬季和夏季偏碱性,且呼和浩特市夏季颗粒物碱性强于乌海市,在冬季碱性弱于乌海市;两个城市PM2.5中K、Mn、Cu、Ba、Ti、K+、Cl-含量在冬季>夏季,说明两个城市冬季受生物质燃烧、燃煤排放和机动车尾气排放影响较大;呼和浩特市夏季PM2.5主要来源有:燃烧源、二次无机源、工业源、土壤扬尘源、机动车与道路扬尘混合源,冬季PM2.5主要来源有:燃煤源、生物质燃烧源、二次无机源、土壤扬尘源、机动车与道路扬尘混合源、机械磨损源;乌海市夏季PM2.5主要来源有:燃烧源、二次无机源、工业源、土壤扬尘源、机动车源、道路扬尘源,冬季PM2.5主要来源有:燃烧源、二次无机源、工业源、土壤扬尘源、机动车与道路扬尘混合源、机械磨损源.呼和浩特市夏冬季均以二次源为主;乌海市夏季以机动车与道路扬尘混合源为主,冬季以二次无机源为主;呼和浩特市夏季主要受到来自山西省南部、陕西省北部以及蒙古国南部地区的气流影响,潜在源区为山西省南部、河北省南部、河南省北部等地区,乌海市夏季主要受到来自新疆东部、阿拉善盟、陕西省南部以及巴彦淖尔市等地区的气流影响,呼和浩特市和乌海市冬季均受到来自阿拉善盟和境外蒙古国南部地区的气流影响,不同的是乌海市冬季PM2.5传输还受到来自新疆北部地区的气流影响,其中呼和浩特市冬季潜在源区为本地及包头、巴彦淖尔市、鄂尔多斯市、阿拉善盟东北部、蒙古国偏南区域,乌海市夏冬季潜在源区为新疆东部、河西走廊地区、阿拉善盟、鄂尔多斯市、乌兰察布市、乌海市本地.研究结果为沿黄流域典型城市大气污染防控提供数据支撑.
Abstract
To investigate the variation rules, pollution characteristics, and their regional transport of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components in different seasons from Hohhot and Wuhai cities. In this study, the concentration of PM2.5 and its chemical components, such as water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and metallic elements, and meteorological data, were obtained from the atmospheric super station in June-August and December of 2022, and January-February of 2023 from Hohhot and Wuhai. The sources and transport paths were also analyzed according to the Positive Definite Matrix Factor Decomposition (PMF) model and the Backward Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. PM2.5 mass concentration in winter was higher than that in summer in both cities. PM2.5 mass concentration in Wuhai was higher than that in Hohhot in the same season. PM2.5 in both cities is alkaline in winter and summer. The alkalinity of PM2.5 in Hohhot was stronger than that in Wuhai during summer, and weaker than that in Wuhai during winter. The content of K, Mn, Cu, Ba, Ti, K+, and Cl- in PM2.5 in winter was higher than that in summer in the two cities. The two cities were more affected by biomass combustion, coal-fired emissions, and motor vehicle emissions in winter. PM2.5 in Hohhot during summer mainly came from combustion sources, secondary inorganic sources, industrial sources, soil dust sources, and mixed sources motor of vehicle and road dust, while in winter it mainly came from coal combustion sources, biomass combustion sources, secondary inorganic sources, soil dust sources, mixed sources of motor vehicle and road dust, and mechanical wear sources. PM2.5 in Wuhai during summer mainly came from combustion sources, secondary inorganic sources, industrial sources, soil dust sources, motor vehicle sources, road dust sources, while in winter it mainly came from combustion sources, secondary inorganic sources, industrial sources, soil dust sources, mixed sources of motor vehicle and road dust, and mechanical wear sources. Hohhot city was dominated by secondary sources in both summer and winter. Wuhai city was dominated by the mixture of motor vehicle and road dust in summer, while by secondary inorganic sources in winter. Hohhot City was mainly affected by air currents from southern Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, and southern Mongolia in summer, with potential source areas being southern Shanxi Province, southern Hebei Province, and northern Henan Province. Wuhai was mainly affected by air currents from eastern Xinjiang, Alxa League, southern Shaanxi Province, and Bayannur City in summer. Hohhot and Wuhai were affected by air currents from Alxa League and southern Mongolia in winter, with the difference that PM2.5 transport in Wuhai in winter was also affected by air currents from northern Xinjiang. The potential source areas for winter in Hohhot are local, Baotou., Bayannur, Ordos, northeastern Alashan League, and the southern region of Mongolia, while that in Wuhai City during summer and winter were the eastern part of Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor region, Alashan League, Ordos City, Ulanqab City, and Wuhai City. The research results provide data support for the prevention and control of air pollution in typical cities along the Yellow River Basin.
关键词
PM2.5 /
后向轨迹 /
正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF) /
成分分析
Key words
PM2.5 /
backward trajectory /
Positive Definite Matrix Factor Analysis (PMF) /
compositional analysis
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42175038);内蒙古自治区杰出青年基金资助项目(2022JQ02);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划项目(NJYT23041);2025年度内蒙古重点研发和成果转化计划-科技合作资助项目(2025KJHZ0017);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2024MS04026)
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