渗滤液处理过程中微生物气溶胶污染分布特征及健康风险

王炳鹏; 杨文雨; 王文雨; 李雅慧; 王亚楠; 王华伟; 孙英杰; 陈列骏

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5367-5377.

大气污染与控制

渗滤液处理过程中微生物气溶胶污染分布特征及健康风险

王炳鹏, 杨文雨, 王文雨, 李雅慧, 王亚楠, 王华伟, 孙英杰, 陈列骏

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Characterization of microbial aerosol pollution distribution and health risk during leachate treatment process

WANG Bing-peng, YANG Wen-yu, WANG Wen-yu, LI Ya-hui, WANG Ya-nan, WANG Hua-wei, SUN Ying-jie, CHEN Lie-jun

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摘要

为明确渗滤液处理过程中生物气溶胶的污染特征与潜在健康风险,研究了渗滤液典型处理工艺(两级A/O+MBR膜处理+DTRO深度处理)各处理单元可培养微生物气溶胶的浓度与粒径分布特征及微生物群落组成,并评估了渗滤液处理过程中释放的气溶胶及典型气载致病菌对职业暴露人员的健康风险.结果表明:渗滤液处理过程中,可培养微生物气溶胶浓度整体呈现出随着渗滤液处理工序的进行(COD浓度不断降低)生物气溶胶浓度降低的趋势,即调节池>生化车间>MBR车间>DTRO车间.全厂处理单元中粒径为0.65~2.1μm的细菌和真菌气溶胶分别占比26%~57%和11%~59%,具有下呼吸道侵入风险.随渗滤液处理工序进行,气溶胶中Bacillus丰度显著增加,Pseudomonas丰度显著降低.Bacillus极易气溶胶化,在生化车间、综合水池车间等区域占绝对优势,且主要分布在3.3~4.7μm和>7.0μm粒径范围.Alternaria是优势真菌属,在各单元丰度分布相对均匀,主要分布在>4.7μm的粒径范围.气载E. coli浓度在涉及渗滤液处理的点位显著高于办公区,且主要分布在1.1~2.1μm粒径范围内.气载S. aureus的浓度在各点位差异性较大,但浓度整体低于E. coli.气载S. aureus在除调节池以外的各点位年感染风险和疾病负担均超过基准值,对厂区工作人员的健康造成较大威胁.

Abstract

In order to clarify the pollution characteristics and potential health risks of bioaerosols during leachate treatment, the concentration and particle size distribution characteristics of culturable microbial aerosols and the microbial community composition of each treatment unit of a typical leachate treatment process (two-stage A/O+MBR membrane treatment+DTRO deep treatment) were investigated and the health risks of aerosols and typical pathogen aerosols released in the leachate treatment process on occupationally exposed personnel were evaluated. The results showed that: During leachate treatment, the overall trend of aerosol concentration of culturable microorganisms showed a decrease in bioaerosol concentration with leachate treatment process (COD concentration decreasing), i.e. regulation tank > biochemical workshop > MBR workshop > DTRO workshop. The bacterial and fungal aerosols with particle sizes of 0.65~2.1μm in the whole plant treatment unit accounted for 26%~57% and 11%~59%, respectively, which had an invasion risk to the lower respiratory tract. With the leachate treatment process, the abundance of Bacillus in the aerosol increased significantly, and the abundance of Pseudomonas decreased significantly. Bacillus was very easy to aerosolize, and it was absolutely advantage in the biochemical workshop, comprehensive pool workshop, etc., and it was mainly distributed in the range of particle sizes from 3.3 to 4.7μm and>7.0μm. Alternaria was the dominant fungal genus, with a relatively uniform distribution in all units, mainly distributed in the particle size of>4.7μm. The aerosol concentration of E. coli at the points involving leachate treatment was significantly higher than that in the office area, and it was mainly distributed in the particle size of 1.1~2.1μm. The aerosol concentration of S. aureus was more variable among different points, but its concentration was overall lower than that of E. coli. The annual infection risk and disease burden of S. aureus aerosol exceeded the baseline values at all sites except the regulation tank, posing a greater threat to the health of plant workers.

导出引用

王炳鹏, 杨文雨, 王文雨, 李雅慧, 王亚楠, 王华伟, 孙英杰, 陈列骏. 渗滤液处理过程中微生物气溶胶污染分布特征及健康风险[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5367-5377

WANG Bing-peng, YANG Wen-yu, WANG Wen-yu, LI Ya-hui, WANG Ya-nan, WANG Hua-wei, SUN Ying-jie, CHEN Lie-jun. Characterization of microbial aerosol pollution distribution and health risk during leachate treatment process[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5367-5377

中图分类号： X503

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