锆基凝胶混凝剂除氟性能评价及机理分析

韦霜霜; 甘蕊; 张皓铭; 张淑娟

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5480-5488.

水污染与控制

锆基凝胶混凝剂除氟性能评价及机理分析

韦霜霜, 甘蕊, 张皓铭, 张淑娟

作者信息 +

Fluoride removal performance evaluation and mechanism analysis of zirconium-based gel coagulant

WEI Shuang-shuang, GAN Rui, ZHANG Hao-ming, ZHANG Shu-juan

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文章历史 +

摘要

系统探究了溶胶-凝胶法合成的锆基凝胶混凝剂(ZXC)混凝除氟的效能与作用机制.通过参数优化、共存基质影响和理化性质分析,得出ZXC在pH 4.0下的除氟效果最佳;ZXC的除氟性能显著优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)及钛干凝胶混凝剂(TXC),能在低投加量下将氟降至1.0mg/L以下,并且残余金属浓度低.ZXC除氟是“浓度依赖型多机制协同”过程,低浓度以配体交换为主导机制,随着氟浓度的升高,直接配位、共沉淀及缩聚等作用的贡献度增大. ZXC可将氟污染地下水、电镀废水和光伏废水氟浓度分别降至1.5mg/L以下,达到排放一级标准.本研究为工业含氟废水及高氟地下水的深度处理提供了高效可行的技术方案和指导.

Abstract

This study systematically explores the performance and mechanisms of zirconium-based gel coagulant (ZXC) synthesized by the sol-gel method in fluoride removal. Through optimizing parameters, examining the impacts of coexisting matrix, and analyzing physicochemical properties, we found that ZXC achieved the best fluoride removal at pH 4.0. ZXC outperformed traditional coagulants like polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyferric sulfate (PFS), and titanium-based coagulants (TXC), effectively reducing fluoride to below 1.0mg/L with low residual metal concentrations. The fluoride removal by ZXC involves a "concentration-dependent multi-mechanism synergy process," primarily via ligand exchange at low concentrations, and through direct coordination, co-precipitation, and condensation at higher concentrations. Field tests demonstrate that ZXC can reduce fluoride levels in contaminated groundwater, electroplating wastewater, and photovoltaic wastewater to below 1.5mg/L, meeting the first-tier discharge standards. This work offers an efficient and practical solution for industrial fluoride wastewater and high-fluoride groundwater treatment.

导出引用

韦霜霜, 甘蕊, 张皓铭, 张淑娟. 锆基凝胶混凝剂除氟性能评价及机理分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5480-5488

WEI Shuang-shuang, GAN Rui, ZHANG Hao-ming, ZHANG Shu-juan. Fluoride removal performance evaluation and mechanism analysis of zirconium-based gel coagulant[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5480-5488

中图分类号： X703.5

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