乌拉特矿山废弃地植被恢复斑块格局对土壤侵蚀的影响

张馨予; 查同刚; 张晓霞; 王冬; 张泽宇; 裴益乐

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5627-5638.

土壤污染与控制

乌拉特矿山废弃地植被恢复斑块格局对土壤侵蚀的影响

张馨予¹, 查同刚^1,2, 张晓霞^1,3, 王冬⁴, 张泽宇¹, 裴益乐¹

作者信息 +

Impact of vegetation restoration patterns on soil erosion in the wasteland of Urat mining area

ZHANG Xin-yu¹, ZHA Tong-gang^1,2, ZHANG Xiao-xia^1,3, WANG Dong⁴, ZHANG Ze-yu¹, PEI Yi-le¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

以乌拉特前旗矿山废弃地为研究区域,基于人工冲刷试验,探究了植被恢复格局(空白对照、棋盘状、横条状与斜条状)与冲刷流量(3,4.5, 6L/min)对坡面土壤侵蚀特征及植被水土保持效益的影响.结果表明:径流量与泥沙量在植被恢复坡面降低,但随冲刷流量提高而增加.横条坡面径流量与泥沙量随冲刷流量提高增加幅度最小,总体坡面减流率(34.36%)与坡面减沙率(79.50%)最大,总体植被减沙量[35.09g/(min·m²)]最高.随冲刷进行,坡面产流率整体上升,不同格局坡面产沙率具有差异.植被斑块产沙率均显著低于坡面平均产沙率,且多数情况下为负值.横条坡面产沙率较为稳定,植被斑块产沙率最低[-13.02g/(min·m²)].除横条坡面外,坡面产沙率与产流率呈线性正相关.冲刷流量对径流量与产流率具有决定性作用,贡献率分别达79.37%与66.21%.植被斑块格局对侵蚀的影响高于径流.综上,横条格局是最适宜矿山废弃地水土保持的植被斑块格局,设计排水对该地土壤侵蚀防治极为重要.

Abstract

This study investigated the impacts of vegetation restoration patch patterns (blank control, checkerboard, horizontal strip, and diagonal strip) and scouring flow rates (3, 4.5, and 6L/min) on slope soil erosion characteristics and vegetation conservation benefits in a mining wasteland of Urat Front Banner. Key findings include: Runoff and sediment yield decreased on vegetation- restored slopes but increased with higher souring flow rates. The horizontal strip pattern slope exhibited the smallest increase in runoff and sediment yield with rising flow rate, achieving the highest overall runoff reduction rate (34.36%) and sediment reduction rate (79.50%), and sediment reduction capacity [35.09g/(min·m²)]. Runoff rates generally increased during scouring, while sediment yield rates varied across patterns. Sediment yield rate within vegetation patches were significantly lower than the slope average and often negative. The horizontal strip slope exhibited stable sediment yield rate, with the lowest patch sediment yield rate [-13.02g/(min·m²)]. Except for the horizontal strip slope, sediment yield rates correlated linearly with runoff rates. Scouring flow rates dominated runoff and runoff rates, contributing 79.37% and 66.21%, respectively. Moreover, vegetation patch patterns exerted stronger effects on erosion than runoff. In conclusion, the horizontal strip pattern is optimal for soil and water conservation in mining wastelands, and drainage design is crucial for erosion control in these areas.

导出引用

张馨予, 查同刚, 张晓霞, 王冬, 张泽宇, 裴益乐. 乌拉特矿山废弃地植被恢复斑块格局对土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5627-5638

ZHANG Xin-yu, ZHA Tong-gang, ZHANG Xiao-xia, WANG Dong, ZHANG Ze-yu, PEI Yi-le. Impact of vegetation restoration patterns on soil erosion in the wasteland of Urat mining area[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5627-5638

中图分类号： X171.4

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