再生水是农业领域重要的灌溉水源,但再生水中含有抗生素抗性基因(ARGs),是潜在的污染源.再生水灌溉量对土壤耐药性水平的影响的相关研究报道较少.本文构建对照试验,结合宏基因组分析手段,对以上问题进行了对比分析.结果显示,在再生水-土壤灌溉系统中共鉴定出分属于27种类型的442种ARGs.再生水灌溉土壤中ARGs丰度增长了4.04%~28.62%,黏菌素类、β-内酰胺类、多药类等ARGs的丰度增幅最大.灌溉过程中,土壤ARGs丰度、多样性和风险性以及再生水贡献度均呈现出整体先上升后下降的波动变化过程,高灌溉量会强化土壤耐药性水平,这在灌溉中期尤为明显.但受土壤基质效应和恢复能力影响,灌溉量差异对灌溉土壤耐药性的影响并不显著(方差分析,P>0.1).网络分析和方差分解分析(VPA)结果显示,微生物群落是再生水灌溉土壤ARGs传播的主要影响因素,而高灌溉量提高了以整合子intI1为代表的移动遗传元件(MGEs)对ARGs传播的贡献度,这导致源特征显著弱化.研究结果可为再生水和土壤抗生素耐药性传播提供基础理论补充,为土壤抗生素耐药性风险防控和再生水利用提供科学指导.
Abstract
Reclaimed water is an important irrigation source in the agricultural field, but it contains antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which are potential pollutants. There have been relatively few reports on the influence of reclaimed water irrigation volume on the level of soil antibiotic resistance. This study constructed a controlled experiment and conducted a comparative analysis of the above issues using metagenomic analysis. The results showed that a total of 442 ARGs belonging to 27 ARG types were identified in the reclaimed water-soil irrigation system. The abundance of ARGs in in reclaimed water irrigation soil increased by 4.04% -28.62%, with the greatest increases in the abundance of colistin, β-lactam, and multidrug resistance genes. During the irrigation process, the abundance, diversity, and risk of soil ARGs, as well as the contribution of reclaimed water, exhibit anoverall fluctuating trend of first increasing and then decreasing. High irrigation volume enhanced the level of soil antibiotic resistance, which was especially evident in the middle stage of irrigation. However, due to soil matrix and recovery capacity, the difference in irrigation volume did not significantly affect the antibiotic resistance of irrigated soil throughout the entire process (variance analysis, P>0.1). Network analysis and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) indicatedthat microbial communities are the main factor affecting the transmission of ARGs in reclaimed water-irrigated soil, while high irrigation volume increased the contribution of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) represented by the integrator intI1, to the transmission of ARGs, resulting in a significant weakening of source characteristics. The research results provide fundamental theoretical support for understanding the spread of antibiotic resistance in reclaimed water and soil, and offer scientific guidance for the risk prevention and control of soil antibiotic resistance and the utilization of reclaimed water.
关键词
抗生素抗性基因 /
再生水 /
灌溉水量 /
土壤 /
来源分析
Key words
antibiotic resistance genes /
reclaimed water /
irrigation water volume /
soil /
source analysis
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