抚仙湖北岸硝酸盐来源解析及主要影响因素研究

孔燕; 唐诚; 冯海涛; 王俊松; 王志芸; 张晓旭; 倪兆奎; 王圣瑞; 苏斌

PDF(2442 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5695-5705.

环境生态

抚仙湖北岸硝酸盐来源解析及主要影响因素研究

孔燕¹, 唐诚¹, 冯海涛¹, 王俊松¹, 王志芸¹, 张晓旭¹, 倪兆奎², 王圣瑞², 苏斌³

作者信息 +

Sources and key influencing factors of nitrate in northern Fuxian lake

KONG Yan¹, TANG Cheng¹, FENG Hai-tao¹, WANG Jun-song¹, WANG Zhi-yun¹, ZHANG Xiao-xu¹, NI Zhao-kui², WANG Sheng-rui², SU Bin³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为阐明抚仙湖入湖河流硝酸盐污染来源及其驱动机制,于2022年丰水期及枯水期采集了抚仙湖北岸区域独房大沟、抚澄河、窑泥沟和龙溪沟4条主要河流流域20个样品,综合运用氮氧同位素示踪、水化学分析和土地利用解析等方法,结合MixSIAR模型定量评估了不同氮污染源贡献,并探究了其硝酸盐氮污染主要影响因素.结果表明,硝态氮是抚仙湖入湖河流氮的主要形态,占总氮含量的60%以上,且雨季占比更高;土壤流失及污水粪肥是入湖河流硝酸盐主要来源,各来源贡献依次为土壤氮流失(31.1%~56.1%)、生活污水或粪肥氮(15.6%~38.9%)、化肥氮(10.2%~45%)和大气氮沉降(3.3%~16.7%);雨季抚澄河、窑泥沟生活污水贡献率显著升高,可能与径流冲刷效应及污水溢流相关;蔬菜种植区土壤硝酸盐流失贡献高于蓝莓、小麦及烤烟,且旱季灌溉会加剧其流失.

Abstract

To elucidate the sources and driving mechanisms of nitrate pollution in the inflow rivers of northern Fuxian Lake, this study collected water and soil samples from 11sites across four major river catchments (Dufangdagou, Fucheng River, Yaonigou, and Longxigou) in the northern area during both the wet and dry seasons of 2022. An integrated approach combining nitrogen and oxygen isotope tracing, water chemistry analysis, land use assessment, and the MixSIAR model was employed to quantitatively determine the contributions of various nitrogen pollution sources and to identify the key factors influencing nitrate pollution. The results indicated that nitratenitrogen was the predominant nitrogen species, accounting for over 60% of total nitrogen (TN), with an increased proportion during the wet season. Soil nitrogen loss and sewage/manure discharge were identified as the primary sources of nitrate pollution, contributing 31.1%~56.1% and 15.6%~38.9%, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizer application (10.2%~45%) and atmospheric nitrogen deposition (3.3%~16.7%). Notably, the contribution from domestic sewage increased substantially in Fucheng River and Yaonigou catchments during the wet season, likely due to intensified runoff scouring and sewage overflow. In addition, soils under vegetable cultivation exhibited greater nitrate loss compared to those planted with blueberries, wheat, or tobacco, with irrigation during the dry season further exacerbating nitrogen loss. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted management strategies to mitigate nitrate loss from legacy nitrogen pools in agricultural soils, particularly in vegetable fields.

导出引用

孔燕, 唐诚, 冯海涛, 王俊松, 王志芸, 张晓旭, 倪兆奎, 王圣瑞, 苏斌. 抚仙湖北岸硝酸盐来源解析及主要影响因素研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5695-5705

KONG Yan, TANG Cheng, FENG Hai-tao, WANG Jun-song, WANG Zhi-yun, ZHANG Xiao-xu, NI Zhao-kui, WANG Sheng-rui, SU Bin. Sources and key influencing factors of nitrate in northern Fuxian lake[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5695-5705

中图分类号： X524

参考文献

[1] Bijay⁃Singh, Craswell E.Fertilizers and nitrate pollution of surface and ground water: an increasingly pervasive global problem [J]. SN Applied Sciences, 2021,3(4),DOI:10.1007/s42452021045218.
[2] Mclsaac G F, David M B, Gertner G Z, et al. Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River [J]. Nature.2001,414(6860):166-167.
[3] Ji X L, Shu L L, Chen W L, et al. Nitrate pollution source apportionment, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis across a ruralurban river network based on d¹⁵N/d¹⁸O-NO₃⁻ isotopes and SIAR modeling [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,438:129,480.
[4] Cui R Y, Zhang D, Hu W L,et al. Nitrogen in soil, manure and sewage has become a major challenge in controlling nitrate pollution in groundwater around plateau lakes, Southwest China [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2023,620:129,541.
[5] Archana A, Thibodeau B, Geeraert N, et al. Nitrogen sources and cycling revealed by dual isotopes of nitrate in a complex urbanized environment [J]. Water Research, 2018,142:459-470.
[6] Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang Q, et al. Tracing nitrate pollution sources and transformation in surface and groundwaters using environmental isotopes [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,490:213-222.
[7] Ren X W, Yue F J, Tang J H, et al. Nitrate transformation and source tracking of rivers draining into the Bohai Sea using a multitracer approach combined with an optimized Bayesian stable isotope mixing model [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024,463:132,901.
[8] 徐志伟,张心昱,于贵瑞,等.中国水体硝酸盐氮氧双稳定同位素溯源研究进展 [J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(8):3230-3238. Xu Z W, Zhang X Y, Yu G R, et al. Review of dual stable isotope technique for nitrate source identification in surface and groundwater in China [J]. Environmental Science, 2014,35(8):3230- 3238.
[9] 任奕蒙,岳甫均,徐森,等.利用氮氧同位素解析赤水河流域水体硝酸盐来源及其时空变化特征 [J]. 地球与环境, 2019,47(6):820-828. Ren Y M, Yue F J, Xu Sen, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of nitrate sources in the Chishui River Watershed based on isotope approach [J]. Earth and Environment, 2019,47(6):820-828.
[10] 韦英怀,胡敏鹏,陈丁江.我国主要河流水系硝态氮污染特征及定量源解析 [J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(2):755-767. Wei Y H, Hu M P, Chen D J. Nitrate pollution characteristics and its quantitative source identification of major river systems in Chinae [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(2):755-767.
[11] 陈清飞,陈安强,崔荣阳,等.滇池周边浅层地下水硝酸盐来源及转化过程识别 [J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(11):6062-6070. Chen Q F, Chen A Q, Cui R Y, et al. Identification of nitrate source and transformation process in shallow groundwater around Dianchi Lake [J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(11):6062-6070.
[12] 陈自祥.利用水体中溶解性硝酸根离子中的氮氧同位素组成来识别中国太湖和巢湖水体中氮污染源的研究 [D]. 北京:中国科学技术大学, 2012. Chen Z X.Using Nitrogen and Oxygen isotopic compositions in dissolvednitrate to identify nitrate sources in Taihu Lake and ChaohuLake, China [D]. Beijing: University of Science & Technology of China, 2012.
[13] 王鹏,齐述华,陈波.土地利用方式影响下的赣江硝态氮浓度和氮稳定同位素分布特征 [J]. 湖泊科学, 2015,27(6):1011-1019. Wang P, Qi S H, Chen B. Characteristics of nitrate and nitrogen stable isotope in Ganjiang River under the influence of land use [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2015,27(6):1011-1019.
[14] Jin Z F, Zheng Q, Zhu C Y, et al. Contribution of nitrate sources in surface water in multiple land use areas by combining isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model [J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2018,93: 1019.
[15] Liu C, Li S, Lang Y, et al. Using δ¹⁵N-NO₃^- and δ¹⁸O-NO₃^- values to identify nitrate sources in karst ground water, Guiyang, Southwest China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006,40(22):6928- 6933.
[16] Li C, Li S, Yue F, et al. Identification of sources and transformations of nitrate in the Xijiang River using nitrate isotopes and Bayesian model [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,646:801-810.
[17] Yi Q T, Chen Q W, Hu L M, et al. Tracking nitrogen sources, transformation, and transport at a basin scale with complex plain river networks [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(10): 5396-5403.
[18] 王开然,郭芳,姜光辉,等.¹⁵N和¹⁸O在桂林岩溶水氮污染源示踪中的应用 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(9):2223-2230. Wang K R, Guo F, Jiang G H, et al. Application of ¹⁵N and ¹⁸O to nitrogen pollution source in karst water in Eastern Guilin [J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(9):2223-2230.
[19] Xia Y, Li Y, Zhang X, et al. Nitrate source apportionment using a combined dual isotope, chemical and bacterial property, and Bayesian model approach in river systems [J]. Journal of Geophysical ResearchBiogeosciences, 2017,122:214.
[20] Ide J, Somura H, Nakamura T, et al. Hydrological effects on relationships between δ¹⁵N of river nitrate and land use in arural river basin, western Japan [J]. River Research and Applications, 2014.DOI: 10.1002/rra.2756.
[21] 杨晓宇,孙晖,王岩,等.典型引调水受水流域氮时空分布特征及硝酸盐来源解析以汾河水库上游流域为例 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(7):3823-3831. Yang X Y, Sun H, Wang Y, et al. Characterization of spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and source analysis of nitrate in a typical water diversion receiving basin: A case study on upper reaches of Fenhe Reservoir [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(7): 3823-3831.
[22] 许晓媛,李彤阳,尹高飞,等.降雨、施肥对补水河流周边土壤硝态氮迁移分布的影响 [J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024,32(7): 1206−1217. Xu X Y, Li T Y, Yin G F,et al. Effects of rainfall and fertilization on soil nitrate nitrogen migrationdistribution around water replenishing rivers [J]. Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture, 2024,32(7):1206-1217.
[23] 王延杰,梁启斌,王艳霞,等.抚仙湖子流域尺度氮排放清单构建及关键源解析 [J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(4):2150-2159. Wang Y J, Liang Q B, Wang Y X, et al. Construction of nitrogen emission inventory at subbasin scale and analysis of key sources in Fuxian Lake Watershed [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(4):2150- 2159.
[24] 杨春艳,李天翠,施艳峰,等.抚仙湖近十年水质变化特征及保护措施初探 [J]. 人民长江, 2021,52(11):47-55. Yang C Y, Li T C, Shi Y F, et al. Study on variation characteristics of water quality and protection measuresfor Fuxian Lake in past decader [J]. Yangtze Rive, 2021,52(11):47-55.
[25] 张洪森,角媛梅,陈凡,等.云南九大高原湖泊流域人类活动强度对水质的多尺度影响 [J]. 湖泊科学, 2024,36(2):430-442. Zhang H S, Jiao Y M, Chen F, et al. Multiscale impacts of human activity intensity on water quality in nine plateau lake basins in Yunnan Province [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2024,36(2):430-442.
[26] 倪兆奎,王圣瑞,金相灿,等.云贵高原典型湖泊富营养化演变过程及特征研究 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2011,31(12):2681-2689. Ni Z K, Wang S R, Jin X C, et al. Study on the evolution and characteristics of eutrophication in the typical lakes on Yunnan Guizhou Plateau [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011,31(12): 2681-2689.
[27] 高伟,陈岩,徐敏,等.抚仙湖水质变化(1980-2011年)趋势与驱动力分析 [J]. 湖泊科学, 2013,25(5):635-642. Gao W, Chen Y, Xu M, et al. Trend and driving factors of water quality change in Lake Fuxian(1980~2011) [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2013,25(5):635-642.
[28] 张晓旭,孔燕,冯海涛.抚仙湖水生态环境保护治理回顾及中长期治理策略研究 [M]. 云南:云南科技出版社, 2023:82-100. Zhang X X, Kong Y, Feng H T. Review of water ecological environment protection and management of Fuxian Lake and research on mediumand longterm management strategies [M]. Yunnan: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 2023:82100.
[29] 官朝弼.玉溪年鉴(2019) [M]. 玉溪:中共玉溪市委党史研究室, 2019:233. Guan C B. Yuxi Yearbook (2019) [M]. Yuxi: CPC Yuxi Municipal Party History Research Office, 2019:233.
[30] 邹锐,张月霞等.抚仙湖流域休耕轮作农业面源污染监测及效果评估项目2019年度报告 [R]. 云南省生态环境科学研究院, 2020. Zou R, Zhang Y X, et al. 2019 annual report on monitoring and effect evaluation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in fallow and crop rotation agriculture in Fuxian Lake Basin [R]. Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, 2020.
[31] 吴坤娱.澄江做好抚仙湖保护治理大排查大整改大提升 [N]. 玉溪日报, 2022,1020(003). Wu K Y. Chengjiang does a good job in the investigation, rectification and improvement of Fuxian Lake protection and management [N]. Yuxi Daily, 2022,1020(003).
[32] HJ4952009 水质采样方案设计技术规定 [S]. HJ4952009 Water quality—Technical regulation on the design of sampling programmes [S].
[33] HJ/T521999 水质河流采样技术指导 [S]. HJ/T521999 Water qualityGuidance on sampling techniques of rivers [S].
[34] Xu C Y, Li Y Z, Li Q Z, et al. Measurement of ¹⁵N and ¹⁸O isotope abundance of nitrate using denitrifier method on TracegasIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry [J]. Advanced Materials Research,2013, 726731:13461349.DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.726731.1346.
[35] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》委会.《水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)》 [M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2022:210- 212;244-247;254-267. Committee on Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater, State Environmental Protection Administration. Monitoring and analysis methods for water and wastewater Edi. [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2022:210-212;244-247; 254-267.
[36] GB38382002 地表水环境质量标准 [S]. GB38382002 Environmental quality standards for surface water [S].
[37] He S, Li P, Su F, et al. Identification and apportionment of shallow groundwater nitrate pollution in Weining Plain, northwest China, using hydrochemical indices, nitrate stable isotopes, and the new Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,298:118852.
[38] Zhao Z H, Zhang M L, Chen Y, et al. Traceability of nitrate polluted hotspots in plain river networks of the Yangtze River delta by nitrogen and oxygen isotopes coupling bayesian model [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,315:120438.
[39] Heaton T H E. Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: A review [J]. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, 1986,59(1):87-102.
[40] Xue D, Botte J, De Baets B, et al. Present limitations and future prospects of stable isotope methods for nitrate source identification in surface and groundwater [J]. Water Research, 2009,43(5):1159-1170.
[41] Xing G, Cao Y, Shi S, et al. N pollution sources and denitrification in waterbodies in Taihu Lake region [J]. Science Chinachemistry, 2001, 44(3):304-314.
[42] Jin Z, Wang J, Chen J, et al. Identifying the sources of nitrate in a small watershed using d¹⁵N d¹⁸O isotopes of nitrate in the Kelan Reservoir, Guangxi, China [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2020,297:106936.
[43] 纪晓亮,舒烈琳,陈铮,等.楠溪江硝态氮来源定量识别及其不确定性分析 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(8):3784-3791. Ji X L, Shu L L, Chen Z, et al. Quantitative identification of riverine nitrate sources and uncertainty analysis in the Nanxi River [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(8):3784-3791.
[44] 杜彩艳,吴迪,李家逵,等.施氮量对抚仙湖流域烟田氮磷流失及氮素利用的影响 [J]. 中国农学通报, 2023,39(3):80-87. Du C Y, Wu D, Li J K, et al. Nitrogen application rate affects soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss and tobacco nitrogen utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(3):80-87.
[45] 叶远行,陈安强,李林,等.休耕对抚仙湖周边农田土壤剖面和浅层地下水中氮累积的影响 [J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(6):3225-3233. Ye Y H, Chen A Q, Li L, et al. Effect of fallow on nitrogen accumulation in soil profile and shallow groundwater in cropland around Fuxian Lake [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(6):3225- 3233.
[46] Johannsen A, Dahnke K, Emeis K. Isotopic composition of nitrate in five German rivers discharging into the North Sea [J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2008,39(12):1678-1689.
[47] 孙然好,陈利顶,王伟,等.基于“源”“汇”景观格局指数的海河流域总氮流失评价 [J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(6):1784-1788. Sun R H, Chen L D, Wang W, et al. Correlating landscape pattern with total nitrogen concentration using a locationweighted sinksource landscape index in the Haihe River Basin, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2012,33(6):1784-1788.
[48] 李正兆,高海鹰,张奇,等.抚仙湖流域典型农田区地下水硝态氮污染及其影响因素 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2008,(1):286-290. Li Z Z, Gao H Y, Zhang Q, et al. Nitrate pollution of groundwater and the affecting factors in typical farmlands of Fuxianhu Lake catchment [J]. Journal of AgroEnvironment Science, 2008,(1):286-290.
[49] 蒋鸿昆,高海鹰,张奇,等.抚仙湖梁王河流域农业耕作与流域水质响应关系研究 [J]. 环境科学, 2007,(10):2294-2300. Jiang H K, Gao H Y, Zhang Q, et al. Response of water quality to agricultural cultivation in Liangwanghe River catchment of Fuxianhu Lake Region [J]. Environmental Science, 2007,(10):2294-2300.