泾河流域生态健康评价及驱动因素研究——基于底栖动物生物完整性

张玉荣; 潘保柱; 冯治远; 侯易明; 胡恩; 郑皓玮; 车美雪

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5706-5717.

环境生态

泾河流域生态健康评价及驱动因素研究——基于底栖动物生物完整性

张玉荣¹, 潘保柱¹, 冯治远¹, 侯易明¹, 胡恩², 郑皓玮¹, 车美雪¹

作者信息 +

Evaluation of ecological health and driving factors in Ching River Basin based on biological integrity of benthic macroinvertebrates

ZHANG Yu-rong¹, PAN Bao-zhu¹, FENG Zhi-yuan¹, HOU Yi-ming¹, HU En², ZHENG Hao-wei¹, CHE Mei-xue¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

底栖动物作为河流生态健康的重要指示生物,是构建生物完整性指数(IBI)的理想选择,因此,基于2021年11月(秋季)与2022年5月(春季)泾河流域41个干支流监测点的数据,采用逐步筛选方法,确定了秋季5个核心参数(总生物量、蜉蝣目个体相对丰度、敏感类群分类单元相对丰度、BI指数、Simpson多样性指数)和春季6个核心参数(摇蚊分类单元数、总生物量、刮食者个体相对丰度、敏感类群个体相对丰度、Hilsenhoff生物指数、ASPT指数).健康评价结果显示:41个采样点中,秋季15个健康、7个亚健康、14个一般、5个较差;春季8个健康、10个亚健康、15个一般和8个较差.核心参数与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析表明:秋季NO₃⁻-N与BI指数呈显著负相关(P=0.003);春季COD与总生物量呈显著负相关(P=0.007),pH值与摇蚊分类单元数呈显著正相关(P=0.007).多尺度下土地利用类型与B-IBI值随机森林模型分析表明:在秋季,草地占比在小尺度缓冲区(100~500m)内对B-IBI影响显著,而在较大尺度缓冲区(1000~1500m)中,耕地和林地的占比对B-IBI影响显著;在春季,小尺度缓冲区下耕地占比影响显著,随缓冲区尺度增大,林地占比对B-IBI的影响逐渐显著,在500m缓冲区内林地占比影响最为显著.综合分析表明,土地利用类型和环境因子的综合作用影响泾河流域的底栖动物生物完整性指数,合理的土地利用规划有助于改善泾河流域水生态健康状况.

Abstract

As an important indicative organism of river ecological health, benthic macroinvertebrates are an ideal choice for constructing the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI).This study is based on data from 41mainstem and tributary monitoring sites in the Ching River Basin, which were collected in November 2021 (autumn) and May 2022 (spring). Using a stepwise selection method, five core parameters were identified for the autumn (total biomass, relative abundance of Ephemeroptera individuals, relative abundance of sensitive taxa, BI, and Simpson's diversity index), and six core parameters were identified for the spring (number of Chironomidae taxonomic units, total biomass, relative abundance of scraper individuals, relative abundance of sensitive taxa, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, and ASPT index). Health evaluation results showed that among the 41 sampling sites, 15 were classified as healthy, 7 as sub-healthy, 14as fair, and 5as poor in the autumn; in the spring, 8were healthy, 10were sub-healthy, 15 were fair, and 8were poor. Spearman's correlation analysis of core parameters and environmental factors showed that, in the autumn, NO₃⁻-N was significantly negatively correlated with the BI index (P=0.003); in the spring, COD was significantly negatively correlated with total biomass (P=0.007), and pH was significantly positively correlated with the number of Chironomidae taxonomic units (P=0.007). Random forest model analysis of land use types and B-IBI values at different scales indicated that in the autumn, the proportion of grassland had a significant effect on B-IBI in smaller-scale buffers (100~500m), whereas the proportion of cropland and forest had a significant effect in larger-scale buffers (1000~1500m). In the spring, the proportion of cropland significantly affected B-IBI in smaller-scale buffers, and as the buffer scale increased, the proportion of forest had a progressively significant effect, with the most significant effect observed in the 500m buffer. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the combined effects of land use types and environmental factors influence the B-IBI of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Ching River Basin, and that rational land use planning can contribute to the improvement of water ecological health in the basin.

导出引用

张玉荣, 潘保柱, 冯治远, 侯易明, 胡恩, 郑皓玮, 车美雪. 泾河流域生态健康评价及驱动因素研究——基于底栖动物生物完整性[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5706-5717

ZHANG Yu-rong, PAN Bao-zhu, FENG Zhi-yuan, HOU Yi-ming, HU En, ZHENG Hao-wei, CHE Mei-xue. Evaluation of ecological health and driving factors in Ching River Basin based on biological integrity of benthic macroinvertebrates[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5706-5717

中图分类号： X522

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