有机磷阻燃剂TCIPP对土壤生物的毒性效应与生态风险评估

周国蕊; 钱苗苗; 门姝慧; 高富; 张依章; 闫振广

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10) : 5848-5857.

环境毒理与健康

有机磷阻燃剂TCIPP对土壤生物的毒性效应与生态风险评估

周国蕊¹, 钱苗苗², 门姝慧¹, 高富², 张依章¹, 闫振广¹

作者信息 +

Toxic effects and ecological risk assessment of the organophosphorus flame retardant TCIPP on soil organisms

ZHOU Guo-rui¹, QIAN Miao-miao², MEN Shu-hui¹, GAO Fu², ZHANG Yi-zhang¹, YAN Zhen-guang¹

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摘要

磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCIPP)广泛存在于环境介质中,潜在生态风险值得关注,由于缺乏毒性数据等原因,我国尚未制定TCIPP的土壤安全阈值.本研究基于国际标准毒性测试方法,开展了TCIPP对5种陆生植物(大白菜、鸡毛菜、小麦、黄瓜、番茄)和1种无脊椎动物(赤子爱胜蚓)的毒性试验,并结合文献数据推导TCIPP的土壤预测无效应浓度值(PNEC)值,继而开展我国土壤中TCIPP的生态风险评估.结果表明,大白菜、鸡毛菜和番茄(根伸长和/或发芽率)对TCIPP的敏感性最高,无观察效应浓度值(NOEC)为80mg/kg,小麦(发芽率)对TCIPP的敏感性最低,NOEC为320mg/kg;赤子爱胜蚓的生长NOEC值为1mg/kg.基于物种敏感度分布法计算得出,TCIPP的土壤PNEC值为0.035mg/kg.我国不同地区土壤中TCIPP平均暴露水平范围为0.01-444ng/g.TCIPP的风险商(risk quotient, RQ)最高值为12.57,其中,工业区土壤中TCIPP的生态风险较高,农田土壤的风险相对较低.

Abstract

Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), a widely present organophosphate flame retardant, poses potential ecological risks due to its persistence and bioactivity in environmental media. However, in China, soil safety thresholds for TCIPP have not yet been established, primarily due to limited toxicity data. In this study, standard toxicity tests were conducted on five terrestrial plants (Brassica pekinensis, Brassica rapa var. chinensis, Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus, and Solanum lycopersicum) and one invertebrate species (Eisenia fetida), to evaluate the phytotoxic and ecotoxic effects of TCIPP. By combining our results with literature data, the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of TCIPP in soil was derived, and an ecological risk assessment was conducted for TCIPP in Chinese soils. Results showed that B. pekinensis, B. rapa var. chinensis, and S. lycopersicum exhibited the highest sensitivity (root elongation and/or germination rate) to TCIPP with a no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 80mg/kg, while wheat T. aestivum (germination rate) showed the least sensitivity with a NOEC of 320mg/kg. The growth NOEC for E. fetida was determined to be 1mg/kg. Using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method, the calculated PNEC value of TCIPP in soil was 0.035mg/kg. Environmental monitoring data revealed that TCIPP concentrations in soils across different regions of China ranged from 0.01 to 444ng/g. Risk quotient (RQ) analysis indicated that TCIPP poses a high ecological risk in industrial areas (maximum RQ = 12.57), whereas agricultural soil showed relatively low risk.

导出引用

周国蕊, 钱苗苗, 门姝慧, 高富, 张依章, 闫振广. 有机磷阻燃剂TCIPP对土壤生物的毒性效应与生态风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(10): 5848-5857

ZHOU Guo-rui, QIAN Miao-miao, MEN Shu-hui, GAO Fu, ZHANG Yi-zhang, YAN Zhen-guang. Toxic effects and ecological risk assessment of the organophosphorus flame retardant TCIPP on soil organisms[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(10): 5848-5857

中图分类号： X53

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