华东背景地区降水对亚微米级气溶胶的湿清除效率及其影响因素研究

张泽宇; 银燕; 王红磊; 陈魁; 朱士超; 纪雷

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11) : 5969-5979.

大气污染与控制

华东背景地区降水对亚微米级气溶胶的湿清除效率及其影响因素研究

张泽宇¹, 银燕¹, 王红磊¹, 陈魁², 朱士超³, 纪雷³

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The wet scavenging efficiency of precipitation on submicron aerosols and its influencing factors in the background region of East China

ZHANG Ze-yu¹, YIN Yan¹, WANG Hong-lei¹, CHEN Kui², ZHU Shi-chao³, JI Lei³

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摘要

基于2023年4~6月黄山汤口站点的高分辨率气溶胶数浓度与气象观测数据,分析了不同降水过程对亚微米级气溶胶(粒径0.01~1μm)4个模态(成核模态､爱根核模态､凝结模态､液滴模态)的湿清除效率及其影响因素.研究结果表明:降水日亚微米级气溶胶数浓度较非降水日平均降低27.8%,其中粒径范围0.1~1μm的气溶胶数浓度降幅达36.32%,且清除效率随粒径增大而提升.小雨事件中降水强度差异对粒径0.1~1μm粒子清除率的影响随粒径增大而减小,大雨相比中雨整体清除率更高.不同初始浓度与降水持续时间下的清除效果存在差异,较高初始浓度环境下0.03μm以上粒子的清除率显著提升,而长历时降水(39h)对4个模态的清除效果均产生更明显的清除效果.降水过程的不同阶段,小粒径气溶胶(粒径<0.1μm)的清除在降水的前期与末期与再悬浮､温度和局地风速具有一定的相关性,而积聚模态(0.1~1μm)在降水中期雨强较大时清除更显著,其中粒径>0.6μm的粒子在雨后无显著浓度反弹.本研究揭示了降水对亚微米气溶胶的清除效率及其环境依赖性,为理解降水对大气气溶胶的湿清除机制提供理论支撑.

Abstract

Based on high-resolution measurements of aerosol number concentration and meteorological data that had been obtained at Tangkou Meteorological Station on Mts. Huangshan from April to June 2023, the wet scavenging efficiency of submicron aerosol particles (with a particle diameter range of 0.01~1μm) across the four modes (nucleation mode, Aitken mode, condensation mode, and droplet mode) and its influencing factors were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the number concentration of submicron aerosol particles on precipitation days was averagely 27.8% lower as compared to non-precipitation days (the difference even reached 36.32% for particles in the diameter range of 0.1~1μm), and the scavenging efficiency was found to increase with aerosol particle size. It was also shown that the differences in precipitation intensity influenced the scavenging efficiency of different size particles differently. During light rainfall events, the impact of precipitation intensity on the removal rate of particles larger than 0.1μm was observed to weaken as particle size increased, whereas heavy rain was found to exhibit a higher overall removal efficiency as compared to moderate rain. The scavenging effect was found to vary with initial particle concentration and precipitation duration: Under high initial concentrations, the removal efficiency of particles larger than 0.03μm was shown to increase significantly, while prolonged precipitation (39h) was found to enhance the scavenging effect across all four modes. At different stages of the precipitation process, the removal and resuspension of smaller particles (with a particle size<0.1μm) were determined to be correlated with temperature and local wind speed at the beginning and end of precipitation events. Accumulation-mode particles (0.1~1μm) were more effectively removed during the periods of high rainfall intensity, with particles larger than 0.6μm being observed to show no significant concentration rebound after precipitation. This study revealed the efficiency of precipitation in removing submicron aerosols and its environmental dependence, and provided theoretical support for understanding the wet removal mechanism of atmospheric aerosols.

导出引用

张泽宇, 银燕, 王红磊, 陈魁, 朱士超, 纪雷. 华东背景地区降水对亚微米级气溶胶的湿清除效率及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(11): 5969-5979

ZHANG Ze-yu, YIN Yan, WANG Hong-lei, CHEN Kui, ZHU Shi-chao, JI Lei. The wet scavenging efficiency of precipitation on submicron aerosols and its influencing factors in the background region of East China[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(11): 5969-5979

中图分类号： X513

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