中国粮食生产非CO2温室气体排放演变特征研究

陈耀; 刘志磊; 周云; 韩张亮

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11) : 6453-6463.

碳排放控制

中国粮食生产非CO₂温室气体排放演变特征研究

陈耀¹, 刘志磊², 周云¹, 韩张亮^2,3

作者信息 +

Evolutionary characteristics of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions in China's grain production

CHEN Yao¹, LIU Zhi-lei², ZHOU Yun¹, HAN Zhang-Liang^2,3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

基于1961~2021年的联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)、《中国统计年鉴》等官方数据,系统解析了全球五大粮食主产国水稻甲烷(CH₄)、小麦氧化亚氮(N₂O)和玉米N₂O排放现状及演变规律,并深入探讨了中国三大粮食作物CH₄和N₂O排放的长期变化趋势及其驱动因素.研究表明:近年来,中国水稻CH₄和小麦N₂O的排放量在五国中均始终位居首位,但其单位粮食质量的碳排放量均处于五国中下游水平;玉米N₂O的排放量和单位粮食质量的碳排放量在五国中均位列第二.在1961~2021年,中国水稻CH₄、小麦N₂O和玉米N₂O的排放量分别增加了13.9%、474.0%和831.5%,而其单位粮食质量的非CO₂碳排放量则分别显著下降了69.9%、40.5%和38.3%.化学氮肥大量施用是导致小麦和玉米N₂O排放量快速增加的驱动因素.本文揭示了中国在三大粮食作物碳减排方面已取得显著进展,但小麦和玉米的N₂O排放量迅速上升,已成为制约中国粮食生产碳减排进程的主要瓶颈.

Abstract

Using the data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the China Statistical Yearbook spanning 1961 to 2021, this paper systematically analyzes the current status and evolution patterns of methane (CH₄) emissions from rice, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from wheat, and N₂O emissions from maize in the world's five major grain-producing countries. It further explores the long-term trends and driving factors of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from China’s three staple grain crops. The results show that in recent years, China’s rice CH₄ emissions and wheat N₂O emissions consistently ranked highest among the five countries while maize N₂O emissions and the corresponding emissions per unit grain mass both ranked second. However, the carbon emissions per unit grain mass for both crops was in the middle-to-lower range among the five nations. Between 1961 and 2021, China’s rice CH₄ emissions, wheat N₂O emissions, and maize N₂O emissions increased by 13.9%, 474.0%, and 831.5%, respectively. Conversely, their non-CO₂ carbon emissions per unit grain mass significantly decreased by 69.9%, 40.5%, and 38.3%, respectively. The heavy application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was identified as the key driver that triggers the rapid increase in wheat and maize N₂O emissions. This study reveals that China has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions from its three major grain crops. Nevertheless, the rapid rise in N₂O emissions from wheat and maize has become a major constraint hindering further progress in decarbonizing China’s grain production.

导出引用

陈耀, 刘志磊, 周云, 韩张亮. 中国粮食生产非CO₂温室气体排放演变特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(11): 6453-6463

CHEN Yao, LIU Zhi-lei, ZHOU Yun, HAN Zhang-Liang. Evolutionary characteristics of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions in China's grain production[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(11): 6453-6463

中图分类号： X511

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