异养硝化好氧反硝化菌的研究方法及脱氮增强策略研究进展

车向前, 林娜, 金新民, 杨乾罡, 梁胜娜, 冯芳, 秦粉菊, 张文超

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12) : 6617-6630.

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12) : 6617-6630.
水污染与控制

异养硝化好氧反硝化菌的研究方法及脱氮增强策略研究进展

  • 车向前1, 林娜1, 金新民1, 杨乾罡1, 梁胜娜1, 冯芳2, 秦粉菊2, 张文超2
作者信息 +

Research progress on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria: methods and enhanced nitrogen removal strategies

  • CHE Xiang-qian1, LIN Na1, JIN Xin-min1, YANG Qian-gang1, LIANG Sheng-na1, FENG Fang2, QIN Fen-ju2, ZHANG Wen-chao2
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

随着水体氮污染问题日益严峻,异养硝化好氧反硝化(HN-AD)菌因其能实现同步硝化反硝化而备受关注.该技术突破了传统分段处理限制,兼具高效、适应性强等优势,但实际应用仍面临脱氮不稳定、菌群稳定性差及代谢机制不明等挑战.本文系统梳理了HN-AD菌的研究方法现状,包括功能菌的分离筛选及脱氮影响因素的研究手段,探讨了现代组学技术在揭示其代谢途径中的应用潜力.重点评述了6种关键强化脱氮的技术:细菌固定化,多菌种共培养,高效菌株选育,中间产物调控,电子传递优化及群体感应干预,阐明了其提升脱氮效率的作用机制.最后,对HN-AD菌的未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为该技术从实验室研究向工程化应用的转化提供一定参考.

Abstract

With the escalating problem of nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems, heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria have gained considerable attention due to their capability for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. This technology presents benefits over conventional segmented treatment, such as high efficiency and strong adaptability. Nevertheless, there are still issues with the actual applications of HN-AD bacteria, such as unstable nitrogen removal, poor microbial community stability, and uncertain metabolic mechanisms. In this paper, the research methods applied in HN-AD studies, encompassing the techniques for isolation, screening of functional strains, as well as factors influencing nitrogen removal, were comprehensively reviewed. The application of modern omics technologies in elucidating HN-AD metabolic pathways was also discussed. Six key strategies for nitrogen removal enhancement were analyzed in detail: bacterial immobilization, co-cultivation of multiple strains, breeding of high-efficiency strains, regulation of intermediate metabolites, optimization of electron transfer, and quorum sensing interference. Furthermore, their underlying mechanisms for improving nitrogen removal efficiency was also systematically elucidated. Finally, the prospective research directions for HN-AD bacteria were put forward, aiming to provide valuable insights for translating this technology from laboratory research to engineering applications.

关键词

异养硝化 / 好氧反硝化 / 研究方法 / 强化脱氮 / 污水处理

Key words

heterotrophic nitrification / aerobic denitrification / research methods / enhanced nitrogen removal / wastewater treatment

引用本文

导出引用
车向前, 林娜, 金新民, 杨乾罡, 梁胜娜, 冯芳, 秦粉菊, 张文超. 异养硝化好氧反硝化菌的研究方法及脱氮增强策略研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(12): 6617-6630
CHE Xiang-qian, LIN Na, JIN Xin-min, YANG Qian-gang, LIANG Sheng-na, FENG Fang, QIN Fen-ju, ZHANG Wen-chao. Research progress on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria: methods and enhanced nitrogen removal strategies[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(12): 6617-6630
中图分类号: X703.1   

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基金

国家自然科学基金资助项目(22476146);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20241947);山东环保集团科技创新项目(YB2024YJGF0099)

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