基于SWAT模型的盐津河流域氮磷污染关键源识别及特征解析

毕杨; 荣易; 赵琰鑫; 陈岩; 黄凯; 王东

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12) : 6881-6891.

环境生态

基于SWAT模型的盐津河流域氮磷污染关键源识别及特征解析

毕杨¹, 荣易², 赵琰鑫², 陈岩², 黄凯¹, 王东²

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Identification of critical sources and characteristic analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Yanjin River Basin based on SWAT Model

BI Yang¹, RONG Yi², ZHAO Yan-xin², CHEN Yan², HUANG Kai¹, WANG Dong²

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摘要

通过构建SWAT模型,模拟赤水河重要支流盐津河流域2023年控制断面径流及氮磷负荷通量的变化,解析流域点、面源负荷排放的时空特征,并检验SWAT模型在西南岩溶区的适用性,结果表明: SWAT模型验证期径流量、TN、TP的模拟性能指标R²分别为0.77,0.82和0.84,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别为0.77,0.67,0.78,这表明模型在典型岩溶区适用性较好;总氮负荷主要排放区域分布在流域中部和西南地区,而总磷负荷主要分布在流域东部中间和西南地区,负荷排放空间差异特征反映了流域土地利用和产业活动的空间分布特征;种植业面源和城镇面源分别是流域总氮、总磷最主要贡献来源,分别占流域总氮、总磷流失量的52%和31.4%;汛期总氮、总磷的排放量可达非汛期的2.2倍和3倍,氮磷负荷流失与降雨强度之间存在显著的相关性,总磷的流失过程更易受到强降雨事件的影响.

Abstract

By constructing a SWAT model, this study simulated the variations in runoff and nitrogen/phosphorus load fluxes at control sections of the Yanjin River Basin in 2023, analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of point and non-point source load emissions, and evaluated the applicability of the SWAT model in the karst region of southwestern China. The results show that: during the validation period, the SWAT model achieved R² values of 0.77, 0.82, and 0.84 for runoff, TN, and TP simulations, respectively, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.77, 0.67, and 0.78, indicating good applicability in typical karst areas. The main emission zones for total nitrogen (TN) were distributed in the central and southwestern parts of the basin, while total phosphorus (TP) emissions were concentrated in the eastern-central and southwestern regions, reflecting spatial differences in land use and industrial activities. Agricultural non-point sources and urban non-point sources were the dominant contributors to TN and TP losses, accounting for 52% and 31.4% of the total losses, respectively. TN and TP emissions during the flood season reached 2.2 and 3 times those of the non-flood season, with significant correlations between nitrogen/phosphorus loss and rainfall intensity. TP loss was more susceptible to heavy rainfall events.

导出引用

毕杨, 荣易, 赵琰鑫, 陈岩, 黄凯, 王东. 基于SWAT模型的盐津河流域氮磷污染关键源识别及特征解析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(12): 6881-6891

BI Yang, RONG Yi, ZHAO Yan-xin, CHEN Yan, HUANG Kai, WANG Dong. Identification of critical sources and characteristic analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Yanjin River Basin based on SWAT Model[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(12): 6881-6891

中图分类号： X52

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