宣威地区土壤重金属潜在污染风险评价及影响因素解析

韩伟; 宋云涛; 郭志娟; 曾道明; 贺灵; 成晓梦; 孙彬彬; 张富贵; 张利

PDF(2493 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2643-2653.

土壤污染与控制

宣威地区土壤重金属潜在污染风险评价及影响因素解析

韩伟^1,2,3, 宋云涛^1,2,3, 郭志娟^1,2,3, 曾道明^1,2,3, 贺灵^1,2,3, 成晓梦^1,2,3, 孙彬彬^1,2,3,4, 张富贵^1,3, 张利^1,3

作者信息 +

Evaluation and analysis influencing factors of potential heavy metal pollution risk in soil of Xuanwei City

HAN Wei^1,2,3, SONG Yun-tao^1,2,3, GUO Zhi-juan^1,2,3, ZENG Dao-ming^1,2,3, HE Ling^1,2,3, CHENG Xiao-meng^1,2,3, SUN Bin-bin^1,2,3,4, ZHANG Fu-gui^1,3, ZHANG Li^1,3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

我国西南生态功能保护区内存在土壤重金属高含量区,为探究其潜在污染风险及影响因素,选择云南省宣威地区土壤为研究对象,结合地理、地质、人类活动等相关资料,对区内表层组合土壤样品1487份、深层组合土壤样品374份中的8种重金属元素含量特征进行了分析,分别利用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了表层组合土壤的潜在污染风险,采用主成分分析法和地理探测器对其影响因素进行了解析.结果显示,相对于中国土壤A层、C层背景值研究区表、深层土壤中重金属均显示富集;相对于云南省A层、C层土壤背景值大部分重金属亦显示富集; Cd、Hg、Pb存在较高的潜在污染风险,Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn、As则潜在污染风险较低;地质背景、黏土矿物、有机质、矿业活动、地形地貌是土壤中重金属元素的主要影响因素,多影响因素的协同作用可能会使重金属富集加剧,pH值、CaO、Light(灯光指数)、WIG对重金属富集的影响则较小.

Abstract

High-concentration areas of soil heavy metals exist in ecological functional protection zones of Southwest China. To investigate their potential pollution risks and influencing factors, this study selected soils in the Xuanwei region of Yunnan Province as the research subject. Combining geographical, geological, and anthropogenic activity data, the content characteristics of eight heavy metal elements were analyzed in 1487 surface soil samples and 374 deep soil samples. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the potential pollution risks of surface soils, while principal component analysis (PCA) and geographical detector methods were employed to identify influencing factors. The results revealed that heavy metals in both surface and deep soils were enriched compared to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Chinese soils. Most heavy metals also exhibited enrichment relative to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Yunnan Province. Cd, Hg, and Pb posed relatively high potential pollution risks, whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and As showed lower risks. The main influencing factors for heavy metal enrichment included geological background, clay minerals, organic matter, mining activities, and topography. Synergistic effects of multiple factors could exacerbate heavy metal enrichment, while pH, CaO, Light (light index), and WIG exhibited minimal impacts.

导出引用

韩伟, 宋云涛, 郭志娟, 曾道明, 贺灵, 成晓梦, 孙彬彬, 张富贵, 张利. 宣威地区土壤重金属潜在污染风险评价及影响因素解析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(5): 2643-2653

HAN Wei, SONG Yun-tao, GUO Zhi-juan, ZENG Dao-ming, HE Ling, CHENG Xiao-meng, SUN Bin-bin, ZHANG Fu-gui, ZHANG Li. Evaluation and analysis influencing factors of potential heavy metal pollution risk in soil of Xuanwei City[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2643-2653

中图分类号： X53

参考文献

[1] 谢学锦,程志中,张立生,等.中国西南地区76种元素地球化学图集[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 2008:44-122. Xie X J, Cheng Z Z, Zhang L S, et al. Geochemical atlas of 76elements in southwest China [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2008:44-122.
[2] Li M., Xi X H, Xiao G Y, et al. National multi-purpose regional geochemical survey in China [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014,139:21-30.
[3] 成杭新,彭敏,赵传冬,等.表生地球化学动力学与中国西南土壤中化学元素分布模式的驱动机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2019,26(6):159- 191. Cheng H X, Peng M, Zhao C D, et al. Epigenetic geochemical dynamics and driving mechanisms of distribution patterns of chemical elements in soil, Southwest China [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 26(6):159- 191.
[4] Wei X, Ji H., Wang S J, et al. The formation of representative lateritic weathering covers in south-central Guangxi (southern China) [J]. Catena, 2014,118:55-72.
[5] Chen H Y, Teng Y G, Lu S J, et al. Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015,512:143-153.
[6] Jia Z Y, Wang J X, Zhou X D, et al. Identification of the sources and influencing factors of potentially toxic elements accumulation in the soil from a typical karst region in Guangxi, Southwest China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,256:113505.
[7] 赵东杰,王学求.滇黔桂岩溶区河漫滩土壤重金属含量、来源及潜在生态风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(4):1609-1619. Zhao D J, Wang X Q. Distribution, sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the floodplain soils of the karst area of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi [J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(4): 1609-1619.
[8] 王雪雯,刘鸿雁,顾小凤,等.地质高背景与污染叠加区不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2022,43(4):2094-2103. Wang X W, Liu H Y, Gu X F, et al. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils affected by different land use types in a superimposed pollution area with high geological background [J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(4):2094-2103.
[9] 王乔林,宋云涛,王成文,等.滇西地区土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(8):3693-3703. Wang Q L, Song Y T, Wang C W, et al. Source identification and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in Western Yunnan [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(8):3693-3703.
[10] 韩伟,徐仁廷,王乔林.典型峨眉山玄武岩区土壤重金属含量特征及污染风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(12):6500-6508. Han W, Xu R T, Wang Q L. Characteristics of heavy metal content and pollution risk assessment in the soil of typical Emeishan Basalt Area [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(12):6500-6508.
[11] 张富贵,彭敏,王慧艳,等.基于乡镇尺度的西南重金属高背景区土壤重金属生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41(9):4197-4209. Zhang F G, Peng M, Wang H Y, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals at township scale in the high background of heavy metals, Southwestern, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2020,41(9):4197-4209.
[12] 洪涛,孔祥胜,岳祥飞.滇东南峰丛洼地土壤重金属含量尧来源及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(10):4620-4627. Hong T, Kong X S, Yue X F.Concentration characteristics,source analysis,and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in a peak-cluster depression area,southeast of Yunna Province [J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(10):4620-4627.
[13] Lei K G, Li Y, Zhang Y B, et al. Development of a new method framework to estimate the nonlinear and interaction relationship between environmental factors and soil heavy metals [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,905(167133):1-14.
[14] 段志斌.黔西北地质高背景下土法炼锌区土壤重金属的环境地球化学行为及健康风险研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学, 2022. Duan Z B. Study on Environmental geochemical behavior of heavy metals in soils and health risk from a indigenous zinc smelting area with high geological background in Northwest Guizhou [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2020.
[15] 张志远.云南省岩石地层[M]. 武汉:中国地质大学出版, 1996:1- 399. Zhang Z Y. Rock stratigraphy in Yunna Province [M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1996:1-399.
[16] DZ T 0258-2014多目标区域地球化学调查规范[S]. DZ T 0258-2014 Specification of multi-purpose regional geochemical survey [S].
[17] Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River [J]. Geojournal, 1969,2(3):108-118.
[18] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control – A sedimentological approach [J]. Water Research, 1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19] Sutherland R A. Bed sediment -associated trace metals in an Urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii [J]. Environmental Geology, 2000,39(6):611- 627.
[20] Ogunkunle C O, Fatoba P O.Pollution loads and the ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals around a mega cement factory in southwest Nigeria [J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2013,22(2):487-493.
[21] 李伟迪,崔云霞,曾撑撑,等.太滆运河流域农田土壤重金属污染特征与来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(11):5073-5081. Li W D, Cui Y X, Zeng C C, et al. Pollution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in farmland soils in the Taige Canal Valley [J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(11):5073-5081.
[22] 郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011,(5):889-896. Guo X X, Liu C Q, Zhu Z Z, et al. Evaluation methods for soil heavy metals contamination: A review [J]. 2011,(5):889-896.
[23] 徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2008,31(2):112-115. Xu Z Q, Ni S J, Geng X G,et al.Calculation of heavy metals' toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potent ial ecological risk index[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2008,31(2):112-115.
[24] Jiang X, Lu W X, Zhao H Q,et al.Potential ecological risk assessment and prediction of soil heavy-metal pollution around coal gangue dump [J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2014,14(6):1599- 1610.
[25] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990:87-381. China National Environmental Monitoring Centre.The background of soil elements in China [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1990:87-381.
[26] 唐启琳,刘秀明,刘方,等.贵州罗甸北部喀斯特地区耕地土壤镉含量特征与风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(10):4628-4636. Tang Q L, Liu X M, Liu F, et al. Cd accumulation and risk assessment for arable soils in the Karst Region of Northern Luodian, Guizhou [J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(10):4628-4636.
[27] Hernandeza L, Probsta A, Probst J L, et al. Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination [J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2003,312:195-219.
[28] 赵彦锋,郭恒亮,孙志英,等.基于土壤学知识的主成分分析判断土壤重金属来源[J]. 地理科学, 2008,28(1):45-50. Zhan Y F, Guo H L, Sun Z Y, et al. Principle component analyses based on soil knowledge as a tool to indicate origin of heavy metals in soils [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(1):45-50.
[29] 蔡龙炎.基于主成分分析法的泉州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染可能来源分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 2010,29(3),325-331. Cai L Y. Analysis of the source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay based on principal component analysis (PCA) [J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2010,29(3):325-331.
[30] Luo X S, Yu S, Zhu Y G, et al. Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,421-422, 17-30.
[31] 王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017,72(1): 116-134. Wang J F, Xu C D. Geodetector: principle and prospective [J]. Acta Geographica Sinca, 2017,72(1):116-134.
[32] 王秋艳.碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中重金属迁移富集特征及环境风险评估[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学, 2021. Wang Q Y. Study on the characteristics of heavy metal migration and enrichment and environmental risk assessment during the weathering of carbonate rocks [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2021.
[33] 张素梅,王宗明,张柏,等.利用地形和遥感数据预测土壤养分空间分布[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010,26(5):188-194. Zhang S M, Wang Z M, Zhang B, et al. Prediction of spatial distribution of soil nutrients using terrain attributes and remote sensing data [J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010,26(5):188-194.
[34] Gong Q J, Deng J, Wang C M, et al. Element behaviors due to rock weathering and its implication to geochemical anomaly recognition: A case study on Linglong biotite granite in Jiaodong peninsula, China [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2013,128:14-24.
[35] 中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心.中国土壤质地空间分布数据[CP/DK]. http://www.resdc.cn/,1995. Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Spatial distribution data of soil texture in China [CP/DK]. http://www.resdc.cn/,1995.
[36] 徐新良.中国夜间灯光年度数据集[CP/DK]. http://www.resdc.cn/,2022. Xu X L. China nighttime lights annual dataset [CP/DK]. http://www.resdc.cn/,2022.
[37] 汤国安.中国数字高程图(1KM) [CP/DK]. 国家青藏高原数据中心, 2019. Tang G A. Digital elevation model of China (1KM) [CP/DK]. National Tibetan plateau / Third pole environment data center, 2019.
[38] 刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1984:6-50. Liu Y J, Cao L M, Li Z L, et al. Element geochemistry [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1984:6-50.
[39] 李娟.云南昭通地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2016. Li J. Geochemical study on Permian Emeishan flood basalts in Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province, SW China [D]. Beijing: The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016.
[40] 薛洪富,曾道国,向明坤,等.黔西北峨眉山玄武岩顶部Fe-Al岩系特征及其三稀元素富集特点[J]. 中国地质调查, 2021,8(5):25-34. Xue H F, Zeng D G, Xiang M K, et al. Characteristics of Fe-Al rock series on the top of Emeishan basalt in northwestern Guizhou Province and enrichment characteristics of its three rare elements [J]. Geological Survey of China, 2021,8(5),25-34.
[41] 全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1998: 95-161. National Soil Survey Office. Chinese soil [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Publishing House, 1998:95-161.
[42] 王亚平,潘小菲,王岑况,等.汞和镉在土壤中的吸附和运移研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2003,22(4):277-283. Wang Y P, Pan X F, Wang C K, et al. A review of the study on adsorption and migration of cadmium and mercury in soils [J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2003,22(4):277-283.
[43] 周超.两种铁氧化物矿物对As(Ⅲ)的吸附—解吸及氧化特性研究[D]. 合肥:安徽农业大学, 2013. Zhou C. Study on adsorption-desorption and oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by two kinds of iron oxides minerals[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2013.
[44] 郑顺安.我国典型农田土壤中重金属的转化和迁移特征研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2010. Zheng S A. Studies on the transformation and transport of heavy metals in typical Chinese agricultural soils [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2010.
[45] 罗梅,柏宏成,陈亭悦,等.腐殖酸对土壤铅镉吸附、赋存形态及生物可给性的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(3):1191-1202. Luo M, Bo H C, Chen T Y, et al. Effects of humic acids on the adsorption, chemical speciation, and bioaccessibility of soil lead and cadmium [J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(3):1191-1202.
[46] 周艳,陈樯,邓绍坡,等.西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(6):2884-2892. Zhou Y, Chen Q, Deng S P, et al. Principal component analysis and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Southwestern China [J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(6):2884-2892.
[47] 林文杰,肖唐付,周晚春,等.黔西土法炼锌区Pb、Zn、Cd地球化学迁移特征[J]. 环境科学, 2009,30(7):2065-2070. Lin W J, Xiao T F, Zhou W C, et al. Environmental concerns on geochemical mobility of lead, zinc and cadmium from zinc smelting areas: Western Guizhou, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2009,30(7): 2065-2070.
[48] 佚名.宣威探索锌废渣综合利用新模式产值有望达10亿元[J]. 中国粉体工业, 2015,(1):44-45. Anonymous. Xuanwei explores a new model for comprehensive utilization of zinc waste residue, with an expected output value of 1billion yuan [J]. China Powder Industry, 2015,(1):44-45.
[49] 李红阳,牛树银.常见硫化物的氧化作用及其环境效应[J]. 北京地质, 2001,13(2):6-11. Li H Y, Niu S G. Oxidation of common sulfide minerals and its environmental effects [J]. Beijing Geology, 2001,13(2):6-11.
[50] Facchinelli A, Sacchi E, Mallen L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2001,114(3):313-324.
[51] Mico C, Recatala L, Peris M, et al. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis [J]. Chemosphere, 2006,65(5):863-872.
[52] 龚红梅,陈静怡,田朋,等.哀牢山高山森林系统土壤汞的海拔分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 地球与环境, 2023,51(3):338-347. Gong H M, Chen J Y, Tian P, et al. Understanding mercury altitudinal distribution and influencing factors in montane forest ecosystems of Ailao Mountain [J]. Earth and environment, 2023,51(3):338-347.
[53] 张华,冯新斌.汞的山地海拔效应概念模型[C]. 第七届全国环境化学学术大会论文集, 2013:19-20. Zhang H, Feng X B. The conceptual model of mercury's mountain altitude effect [C]. The 7th National Conference on Environmental Chemistry. 2013:19-20.