四湖总干渠溶解氧季节性异常特征与成因分析

黎睿; 汤显强; 胡艳平; 王丹阳; 郭栋帆; 翟文亮; 杨勇

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2816-2826.

环境生态

四湖总干渠溶解氧季节性异常特征与成因分析

黎睿^1,2, 汤显强^1,2, 胡艳平^1,2, 王丹阳^1,2, 郭栋帆¹, 翟文亮^1,2, 杨勇³

作者信息 +

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of dissolved oxygen and its causes in Sihu Canal

LI Rui^1,2, TANG Xian-qiang^1,2, HU Yan-ping^1,2, WANG Dan-yang^1,2, GUO Dong-fan¹, ZHAI Wen-liang^1,2, YANG Yong³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

平原水网地区水体溶解氧(DO)偏低已成为一个普遍的现象.为揭示平原水网地区溶解氧异常成因,以全国最重要的淡水养殖区汉江流域四湖总干渠为例,分析了2010~2023年四湖总干渠水质时空变化规律,调查监测了四湖总干渠DO、水体和沉积物中营养盐空间分布特征,采用随机森林模型等方法分析了水温、氨氮及流量等参数对水体溶解氧的影响.结果表明:四湖总干渠水体溶解氧(DO)存在明显的季节性波动,年内呈“V”型分布,汛期DO浓度相对较低,非汛期基本满足地表水Ⅲ类水要求.2021年四湖总干渠水体缺氧(DO<2mg/L)状况突出,运粮湖、新河村和新滩断面年缺氧天数分别为79,116和96d.汛期四湖总干渠在中上游河段存在明显的低氧区,DO浓度仅为2.61~3.22mg/L.自2010年以来四湖总干渠水质长期处于Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类,主要超标因子为DO、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷.四湖总干渠沉积物总氮含量为857.70~2846.87mg/kg,TP含量为545.99~2475.59mg/kg,沉积物处于轻-中度污染状态,支渠污染重于干渠.随机森林模型能够较好的预测水体DO,拟合系数R²达0.995,均方根误差RMSE仅为0.2085.随机森林模型分析表明水温对DO影响相对重要性均超过35%,其他影响因素依次为pH值、氨氮、电导率、浊度、流量等.为改善四湖总干渠DO汛期异常状况,需加强流域系统治理,改善虾稻和水产养殖排水水质,优化泵站调度运行方式.

Abstract

Hypoxia has become a prevalent phenomenon in the plain river network region. To reveal the causes of hypoxia in these regions, the Sihu Canal in the Hanjiang River Basin, one of China's most important freshwater aquaculture areas, was selected as a case study. The spatiotemporal variations in water quality, including dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients, were analyzed for the period 2010~2023, and the spatial distribution of nutrients in water and sediments were investigated. The impact of parameters such as water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and flow on DO levels in the water was evaluated using a Random Forest model. The results indicated significant seasonal fluctuation in DO levels, which exhibited a 'V'-shaped pattern throughout the year. DO concentrations were relatively low during flood seasons, while during non-flood seasons the requirements for Class III surface water quality were generally satisfied. In 2021, severe hypoxia (DO<2mg/L) was observed, with the annual hypoxic days amounting to 79, 116, and 96 at the Yunlianghu, Xinhecun, and Xintan sections respectively. Evident hypoxic zones were identified in the mid- and upstream sections of the Sihu Canal, where DO concentrations ranged from 2.61 to 3.22mg/L. From 2010 to 2023, the water quality of the Sihu Canal consistently ranged from Class IV to Class V, with occasional further deterioration recorded. The main parameters exceeding the standards were identified as DO, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the sediments ranged from 857.70 to 2846.87mg/kg, and 545.99 to 2475.59mg/kg, respectively, indicating that the sediments were subjected to mild to moderate pollution, with tributaries being more polluted than the main canal. High accuracy in predicting DO levels was demonstrated by the Random Forest model, which yielded an R² of 0.995 and an RMSE of 0.2085. Water temperature had a relative importance exceeding 35% in influencing DO levels, followed by pH, ammonia nitrogen, conductivity, turbidity, and flow. To mitigate the hypoxic conditions during flood seasons, it was recommended that the systematic management of the basin be strengthened, the water quality of shrimp-rice and aquaculture drainage systems be improved, and the operation and scheduling of pump stations be optimized.

导出引用

黎睿, 汤显强, 胡艳平, 王丹阳, 郭栋帆, 翟文亮, 杨勇. 四湖总干渠溶解氧季节性异常特征与成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(5): 2816-2826

LI Rui, TANG Xian-qiang, HU Yan-ping, WANG Dan-yang, GUO Dong-fan, ZHAI Wen-liang, YANG Yong. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of dissolved oxygen and its causes in Sihu Canal[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2816-2826

中图分类号： X703.5

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