基于磷石膏(PG)的酸性和富磷特性特征,将其对水泥(PO)进行掺杂改性(PO-PG),并用于酸性矿山废水中铅的去除.结果表明,PO-PG在适宜的投加量下对不同浓度铅(15~100mg/L)的去除效率均高于99%;在初始pH值为3、PO-PG投加量0.2g/L、25℃反应条件下,PO-PG对30mg/L的Pb2+完全去除时间由PO的120min缩短至20min;同时,PO-PG对铅具有较高的亲和力,在成分复杂的模拟废水中,对铅的去除效果仍然稳定.机理分析可知,晶格置换和表面异质化学沉淀是PO-PG除铅的主要机制,其中PO-PG中Ca(OH)2、CaCO3和Ca5(PO3)3OH是主要的除铅因子,Pb2+通过与Ca2+发生晶格置换及其他化学反应形成难溶于水的沉淀而被去除,除铅后的产物主要包括PbCO3、Pb(OH)2、Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2和Pb5(PO4)3OH沉淀.综上,酸性PG的掺杂可加快碱性PO的水化速率,提高反应效率,并缓解PO处理出水pH值偏高的问题,PG中磷酸盐的存在也可成为有效的除铅物种.
Abstract
Based on the acidic and phosphorus-rich properties of phosphogypsum (PG), it was dope-modified (PO-PG) to cement (PO) and used for lead removal from acid mine wastewater. The results showed that PO-PG removed more than 99% of lead at different concentrations (15~100mg/L) with suitable dosage; under the reaction conditions of initial pH=3, PO-PG dosage of 0.2g/L, and 25℃, the effect of PO-PG on the removal of lead from 30mg/L Pb2+ was completely removed in 20min instead of 120min for PO; meanwhile, PO-PG had a high affinity for lead, and the removal effect of lead remained stable in the simulated wastewater with complex composition. Mechanistic analysis showed that isomorphous replacement and surface heterogeneous chemical precipitation were the main mechanisms for lead removal by PO-PG, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and Ca5(PO3)3 OH were the main lead removal factors in PO-PG, and Pb2+ is removed by lattice displacement and other chemical reactions with Ca2+ to form a water-insoluble precipitate, and the products of the lead removal mainly included PbCO3, Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, Pb(OH)2 and Pb5(PO4)3 OH precipitates. In summary, the doping of acidic PG can accelerate the hydration rate of alkaline PO, thus improving the reaction efficiency and alleviating the problem of high pH in PO-treated effluent, in addition to the presence of phosphates in PG can be an effective species for lead removal. This study provides a cost-effective and efficient new method for the removal of lead from acid mine wastewater and can realize the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.
关键词
掺杂 /
除铅 /
机制 /
磷石膏 /
水泥
Key words
cement /
doping /
lead removal /
mechanism /
phosphogypsum
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