水动力过程驱动的三峡水库澎溪河水华生消机制

龙良红; 黄宇擘; 关文海; 辛小康; 李建; 黄宇波; 纪道斌; 徐慧

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6) : 3245-3255.

环境生态

水动力过程驱动的三峡水库澎溪河水华生消机制

龙良红^1,2, 黄宇擘¹, 关文海², 辛小康³, 李建³, 黄宇波², 纪道斌¹, 徐慧⁴

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The mechanism of the algal bloom formation and disappearance driven by hydrodynamic processes in the Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir

LONG Liang-hong^1,2, HUANG Yu-bo¹, GUAN Wen-hai², XIN Xiao-kang³, LI Jian³, HUANG Yu-bo², JI Dao-bin¹, XU Hui⁴

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摘要

以三峡水库典型支流库湾澎溪河为例,开展2023年消落期库湾水流、水质、水华连续监测,分析支流库湾水动力、热分层、水质演变规律,揭示水华生消过程和影响因素.结果表明:观测期内澎溪河库湾浮游藻类叶绿素a与水温(r=0.43,P<0.05)、真光层深度(r=0.38,P<0.05)正相关,与上游入流(r=-0.53)、流速(r=-0.54)、混合层深度Z_mix(r=-0.37)等水动力指标呈负相关,而营养盐不是决定水华生消的限制性因子;当水温适宜、热分层稳定时水华开始暴发;水位缓慢消落(日变幅<0.2m)并不能显著增大库湾流速、打破水温分层,对支流库湾水华抑制作用有限;消落期降雨、上游入流能显著影响库湾水动力过程和营养盐水平,是决定高阳平湖水华生消的关键因素,并且通过增大汉丰湖下泄流量(>80m³/s)能有效防控澎溪河库湾水华.

Abstract

Taking the Pengxi River, a typical tributary bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, as an example, continuous monitoring of the water flow, water quality, and algal bloom in the bay during the drawdown period in 2023 was carried out. The hydrodynamics, thermal stratification, and water quality evolution patterns of the tributary bay were analyzed, and the occurrence, disappearance, and influencing factors of algal blooms were revealed. The results show that during the observation period, the chlorophyll a of phytoplankton in the Pengxi River bay was positively correlated with water temperature (r=0.43, P<0.05) and euphotic layer depth (r=0.38, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with upstream inflow (r=-0.53), flow velocity (r=-0.54), and mixed layer depth Z_mix (r = -0.37). However, nutrients were not the limiting factors for the occurrence and disappearance of algal blooms. When the water temperature was suitable and the thermal stratification was stable, algal blooms began to occur. A gradual water level drawdown (< 0.2m/day) fails to notably enhance flow velocity or break thermal stratification in the bay, resulting in minimal suppression of algal blooms in tributary bays. During the drawdown period, rainfall and upstream inflow could significantly affect the hydrodynamic processes and nutrient levels in the bay, which were the key factors determining the occurrence and disappearance of algal blooms in Gaoyang Lake. Increasing the discharge flow from Hanfeng Lake (>80m³/s)could effectively control algal blooms in the Pengxi River bay.

导出引用

龙良红, 黄宇擘, 关文海, 辛小康, 李建, 黄宇波, 纪道斌, 徐慧. 水动力过程驱动的三峡水库澎溪河水华生消机制[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(6): 3245-3255

LONG Liang-hong, HUANG Yu-bo, GUAN Wen-hai, XIN Xiao-kang, LI Jian, HUANG Yu-bo, JI Dao-bin, XU Hui. The mechanism of the algal bloom formation and disappearance driven by hydrodynamic processes in the Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(6): 3245-3255

中图分类号： X524

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