国家绿色数据中心试点对城市的碳减排效应

吉雪强; 周思姝; 于浩然; 张跃松

PDF(956 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6) : 3484-3495.

碳排放控制

国家绿色数据中心试点对城市的碳减排效应

吉雪强¹, 周思姝¹, 于浩然², 张跃松¹

作者信息 +

Carbon emission reduction effect of National Green Data Center pilot on cities

JI Xue-qiang¹, ZHOU Si-su¹, YU Hao-ran², ZHANG Yue-song¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

分析了国家绿色数据中心对城市的碳减排效应及其机制,而后以国家绿色数据中心试点与建设工作为基础构建准自然实验,使用双重差分法结合2011~2022年283个城市面板数据,实证分析国家绿色数据中心的碳减排效应,并探索其作用机制与异质性.研究发现:国家绿色数据中心试点具有显著的碳减排效应,系数为-0.013,在5%的统计水平显著,国家绿色数据中心试点显著降低了城市碳排放强度,这一结果在平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、排除选择偏差、排除其他政策影响、排除疫情影响等多重稳健性检验和处置内生性后依然成立;国家绿色数据中心试点能通过提升数字产业发展水平与地区绿色科技创新水平而降低城市碳排放强度,国家绿色数据中心试点对数字产业发展水平和绿色科技创新水平的影响在1%的统计水平显著为正,系数分别为0.039和0.061;国家绿色数据中心试点的碳减排效应在非能源富裕型城市,高环保水平、高信息水平城市更显著,国家绿色数据中心试点对这3类城市的影响至少在10%的统计水平上显著,系数分别为-0.016、-0.017、-0.016.应当积极推动数据中心绿色转型,扩大国家绿色数据中心试点范围.

Abstract

This study analyzed the carbon reduction effect of national green data centers on cities and its mechanism. Then, based on the pilot and construction work of national green data centers, a quasi-natural experiment was constructed. Using the difference-in- differences method and panel data of 283 cities from 2011 to 2022, the carbon reduction effect of national green data centers was empirically analyzed, and its mechanism and heterogeneity were explored. The pilot of national green data centers has a significant carbon reduction effect, with a coefficient of -0.013, which is significant at the 5% statistical level. The pilot of national green data centers significantly reduces the carbon emission intensity of cities. This result remains valid after multiple robustness tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, exclusion of selection bias, exclusion of the impact of other policies, and exclusion of the impact of the epidemic. The pilot of national green data centers can reduce the carbon emission intensity of cities by promoting the development level of the digital industry and the green technological innovation level of the region. The impact of the pilot of national green data centers on the development level of the digital industry and the green technological innovation level is significantly positive at the 1% statistical level, with coefficients of 0.039 and 0.061, respectively. The carbon reduction effect of national green data centers is more significant in non-energy-rich cities, cities with high environmental protection levels, and cities with high information levels. The impact of the pilot of national green data centers on these three types of cities is significantly at least at the 10% statistical level, with coefficients of -0.016, -0.017, and -0.016, respectively. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote the green transformation of data centers and expand the scope of the pilot of national green data centers.

导出引用

吉雪强, 周思姝, 于浩然, 张跃松. 国家绿色数据中心试点对城市的碳减排效应[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(6): 3484-3495

JI Xue-qiang, ZHOU Si-su, YU Hao-ran, ZHANG Yue-song. Carbon emission reduction effect of National Green Data Center pilot on cities[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(6): 3484-3495

中图分类号： X196

参考文献

[1] 李柏桐,李健,唐燕,等.数字经济对工业碳排放绩效的影响——基于异质型环境规制的门槛效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(9): 5263-5274.Li B T, Li J, Tang Y, et al. The impact of digital economy on industrial carbon emission performance: Threshold effect analysis of heterogeneous environmental regulations [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(9):5263-5274.
[2] 李海燕,王群勇,陆凤芝.数字经济如何影响工业碳生产率——基于技术进步偏向视角[J]. 财经科学, 2024,(8):116-134.Li H Y, Wang Q Y, Lu F Z. How the digital economy affects industrial carbon productivity—— A perspective based on technological progress bias [J]. Finance and Economics, 2024,(8):116-134.
[3] 王娇,孙慧,廖振良.数字经济赋能、双碳发展绩效与区域协调效应[J]. 经济问题探索, 2024,(5):125-148.Wang J, Sun H, Liao Z L. Digital economy empowerment,dual-carbon development performance and regional coordination effect [J]. Inquiry Into Economic Issues, 2024,(5):125-148.
[4] 王姣娥,杜方叶,肖凡.新型基础设施的空间布局模式研究——以大型数据中心为例[J]. 地理学报, 2023,78(2):259-272.Wang J E, Du F Y, Xiao F. Spatial evolution of new infrastructure and its determinants:A case study of big data centers [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023,78(2):259-272.
[5] 张宇宁,王艳华,王克.新基建投资的经济效应、能耗与碳排放[J]. 经济理论与经济管理, 2023,43(11):42-55.Zhang Y N, Wang Y H, Wang K. The impacts of new infrastructure investment on economic effects, energy consumption and carbon emissions [J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2023,43(11):42-55.
[6] 杨刚强,王海森,范恒山,等.数字经济的碳减排效应:理论分析与经验证据[J]. 中国工业经济, 2023,(5):80-98.Yang G Q, Wang H S, Fan H S, et al. Carbon reduction effect of digital economy: Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence [J]. China Industrial Economics, 2023,(5):80-98.
[7] 陈福中,蒋国海.数字经济的减排效应——基于285个地级市的空间面板数据[J]. 兰州学刊, 2023,(5):75-93.Chen F Z, Jiang G H. The carbon reduction effect of the digital economy——Based on spatial panel data of 285prefecture-level cities [J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2023,(5):75-93.
[8] 王维国,王永玲,范丹.数字经济促进碳减排的效应及机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(8):4437-4448.Wang W G, Wang Y L, Fan D. Effects and mechanisms of the digital economy for carbon emission reduction [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(8):4437-4448.
[9] 徐军委,刘志华,吴福生.数字经济赋能地区低碳经济转型:基于中介效应、门槛效应与空间溢出效应[J]. 环境科学, 2025,46(4):2089- 2102.Xu J W, Liu Z H, Wu F S. Digital economy empowers low carbon economy transformation: Based on intermediary,threshold,and spatial spillover effects [J]. Environmental Science, 2025,46(4):2089-2102.
[10] 钟文,杨俊,郑明贵,等.中国城市数字经济对物流业碳排放的影响效应及传导机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(1):427-437.Zhong W, Yang J, Zheng M G, et al. The impact and transmission mechanism of China's urban digital economy on carbon emissions in the logistics industry [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(1): 427-437.
[11] 黄和平,周桂明.产业数字化对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制研究——兼议环境规制的门槛效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025,45(3): 1713-1730.Huang H P, Zhou G M. Research on the impact mechanism of industrial digitalization on green total factor productivity: the threshold effect of environmental regulation [J]. China Environmental Science, 2025,45(3):1713-1730.
[12] 刘文发,陆学峰.数字经济对碳排放效率影响的空间效应与作用机制——基于“宽带中国”试点政策的准自然实验[J]. 统计与决策, 2024,40(11):28-33.Liu W F, Lu X F. Spatial effects and mechanisms of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency:A quasi-natural experiment based on the “Broadband China” pilot policy [J]. Statistics and Decision, 2024, 40(11):28-33.
[13] 张正平,董晶.数字金融是否降低了家庭消费碳排放? [J]. 北京工商大学学报(社会科学版), 2024,39(5):1-14.Zhang Z P, Dong J. Does digital finance reduce household consumption carbon emissions? [J]. Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University (Social Science), 2024,39(5):1-14.
[14] 刘志中,郑舒迟.数字服务贸易开放能否有效推动碳减排? [J]. 商业研究, 2024,(3):92-102.Liu Z Z, Zheng S C. Can opening up digital services trade drive carbon reduction? [J]. Commercial Research, 2024,(3):92-102.
[15] 薛飞,周民良,刘家旗.数字基础设施降低碳排放的效应研究——基于“宽带中国”战略的准自然实验[J]. 南方经济, 2022,(10):19-36.Xue F, Zhou M L, Liu J Q. The effect of digital infrastructure on reducing carbon emissions: Quasi natural experiment based on “Broadband China” pilot [J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2022, (10):19-36.
[16] 唐珺,高煜,李朋林.智慧城市能否通过智慧能源建设推动“双碳”目标实现?——基于合成控制法的试验证据[J]. 软科学, 2023,37(7):90-96,133.Tang J, Gao Y, and Li P L. Can smart cities drive dual carbon targets through smart energy construction? —— Experimental evidence based on synthetic control methods [J]. Soft Science, 2023,37(7):90-96,133.
[17] 张自然,何竞.数字经济发展对城市碳排放的影响——基于国家大数据综合试验区的准实验[J]. 经济问题探索, 2024,(6):153-174.Zhang Z R, He J. The impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions —— A quasi-natural experiment from the national big data comprehensive pilot area [J]. Inquiry Into Economic Issues, 2024,(6):153-174.
[18] 王灵矫,李文,郭华.基于SDN的数据中心网络流量负载均衡研究[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024,46(1):45-52.Wang L J, Li W, Guo H. Research on load balancing of data center network traffic based on SDN [J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2024,46(1):45-52.
[19] 胡晋彬,黄家玮,王建新,等.基于直接拥塞通告的数据中心无损网络传输控制机制[J]. 电子学报, 2023,51(9):2355-2365.Hu J B, Huang J W, Wang J X, et al. A transmission control mechanism for lossless datacenter network based on direct congestion notification [J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2023,51(9):2355-2365.
[20] Jiang T, Yu L, Cao Y. Energy management of internet data centers in smart grid [M]. Berlin: Springer, 2015.
[21] 李源,刘承良,毛炜圣,等.全球数据中心扩张的空间特征与区位选择[J]. 地理学报, 2023,78(8):1936-1954.Li Y, Liu C L, Mao W S, et al. Spatial characteristics and location selection of global data center expansion [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023,78(8):1936-1954.
[22] 郑红岗,杨齐灿,任志敏.浙江数据中心绿色升级的问题与对策[J]. 科技管理研究, 2023,43(9):67-71.Zheng H G, Yang Q C, Ren Z M. Problems and countermeasures of green upgrading of Zhejiang Data Center [J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2023,43(9):67-71.
[23] 王国梁,胡敏.“东数西算”工程与传统产业和数字产业碳排放[J]. 统计与决策, 2023,39(12):96-101.Wang G L, Hu M. The "East Data and West Calculation" project and carbon emissions from traditional industries and digital industries [J]. Statistics and Decision, 2023,39(12):96-101.
[24] 陈冬林,邹安琪,王蕾,等.“东数西算”赋能数据中心可再生能源消纳研究[J]. 情报杂志, 2023,42(7):77-85.Chen D L, Zou A Q, Wang L, et al. Research on the renewable energy accommodation in "East Data and West Calculation" empowering data centers [J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2023,42(7):77-85.
[25] 韩先锋,郑酌基,徐杰,等.绿色数字基建驱动城市绿色创新的机制及效应研究[J]. 管理学报, 2025,22(1):95-105.Han X D, Zheng Z J, Xu J, et al. Research on the mechanism and effect of green digital infrastructure driving urban green innovation [J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2025,22(1):95-105.
[26] 卿玲丽,季周,张雯悦.企业数字技术应用的减污降碳协同效应研究[J]. 财经理论与实践, 2024,45(4):136-143.Qing L L, Ji Z, Zhang W Y. Research on the synergistic effects of firm digital technology application on pollution and carbon reduction [J]. The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics, 2024,45(4): 136-143.
[27] 余壮雄,韩佳容,付锦华.“宽带中国”政策如何影响中国城市的数字产业[J]. 世界经济, 2024,47(8):95-132.Yu Z X, Han J R, Fu J H. How the "Broadband China" policy affects the digital industries in Chinese cities [J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2024,(8):95-132.
[28] Shan Y, Liu J, Liu Z, et al. New provincial CO₂ emission inventories in China based on apparent energy consumption data and updated emission factors [J]. Applied Energy, 2016,184:742–750.
[29] Xu J, Guan Y, Oldfield J, et al. China carbon emission accounts 2020~2021[J]. Applied Energy, 2024,360.
[30] 关会娟,许宪春,张美慧,等.中国数字经济产业统计分类问题研究[J]. 统计研究, 2020,(12):3-16.Guan H J, Xu X C, Zhang M H, et al. Research on industrial classification for Digital Economy in China [J]. Statistical Research, 2020,(12):3-16.
[31] 焦嶕,郭金花,赵国浩.数字产业集聚、地方政府竞争与城市绿色经济效率[J]. 经济经纬, 2023,40(6):51-60.Jiao J, Guo J H, Zhao G H. Digital industry agglomeration,local government competition and urban green economy efficiency improvement [J]. Economic Survey, 2023,40(6):51-60.
[32] 江艇.因果推断经验研究中的中介效应与调节效应[J]. 中国工业经济, 2022,(5):100-120.Jiang T. Mediating effects and moderating effects in causal inference [J]. China Industrial Economics, 2022,(5):100-120.
[33] 仲晓雅,闫庆武,李桂娥.中国长时间序列夜间灯光数据集的研发(2000~2020) [J]. 全球变化数据学报(中英文), 2022,6(3):416-424, 593-601.Zhong X Y, Yan Q W, Li G E. Development of time series of nighttime light dataset of China (2000~2020) [J]. Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery, 2022,6(3):416-424,593-601.
[34] Wu Y Z, Shi K F, Chen Z Q, et al. An improved time-series DMSP- OLS-like data (1992~2023) in China by integrating DMSP-OLS and SNPP-VIIRS [DB/OL]. Harvard Dataverse, 2021,https://doi.org/ 10.7910/DVN/GIYGJU.
[35] 沈世铭,许睿,陈非儿.中国绿色科技创新对碳排放强度的影响研究[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2023,(5):28-34.Shen S M, Xu R, Chen F R. Research on the influence of green technology innovation on carbon emission intensity in China [J]. Research on Technical Economics and Management, 2023,(5):28-34.