厌氧氨氧化细菌的混合营养代谢机制研究进展

张慕琦; 王乙橙; 晏鹏; 陈猷鹏

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7) : 3724-3734.

水污染与控制

厌氧氨氧化细菌的混合营养代谢机制研究进展

张慕琦, 王乙橙, 晏鹏, 陈猷鹏

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Research advances on the mixotrophic metabolic mechanisms of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria

ZHANG Mu-qi, WANG Yi-cheng, YAN Peng, CHEN You-peng

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摘要

本文综述了厌氧氨氧化细菌(AnAOB)混合营养代谢机制的研究进展,并展望了未来研究方向和工程意义.研究表明,AnAOB的混合营养代谢受C/N比、有机物浓度和种类等因素影响.然而,不同AnAOB菌种代谢小分子有机物(如乙酸盐、丙酸盐等)的代谢速率和微观机制分析尚不清晰.近年来,先进的¹³C同位素标记技术(DNA-SIP)和单细胞技术为深入揭示AnAOB吸收和代谢小分子有机物的途径提供了新手段.多组学联合分析显示,AnAOB通过还原性乙酰辅酶A途径固定无机碳,并具备利用异化硝酸盐还原为铵(DNRA)、甲酸盐代谢、乙酸盐代谢、丙酸盐代谢及三羧酸循环等多条小分子有机物代谢途径,但具体机制仍存在争议.未来研究可以聚焦于AnAOB混合营养代谢过程中的电子转移机制、内源有机物利用策略及小分子有机物同化能力,以优化AnAOB的富集与脱氮性能,拓展其在复杂污水处理中的应用潜力.

Abstract

This review summarized the research progress on mixotrophic metabolic mechanisms of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), and provided perspectives on future research directions and highlighted the engineering implications. Current studies indicated that the mixotrophic metabolism of AnAOB could be influenced by factors such as the C/N ratio, organic matter concentration and types. However, the metabolic rates and micro-mechanisms of different AnAOB strains in metabolizing small organic molecules (e.g., acetate, propionate) remain unclear. In recent years, advanced ¹³C isotope labelling technology (DNA-SIP) and single-cell techniques have provided novel approaches to elucidate the pathways of small organic molecules uptake and metabolism in AnAOB. Multi-omics analysis showed that AnAOB fix inorganic carbon through the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway and harboured multiple pathways for small organic molecules metabolism, including denitrifying nitrate to ammonium (DNRA), formate metabolism, acetate metabolism, propionate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, yet the specific mechanisms remain controversial. Future research could focus on the electron transfer mechanisms, endogenous organic matter utilization strategies, and small organic molecules assimilation capabilities in the mixotrophic metabolism of AnAOB, aiming to optimize the enrichment and nitrogen removal performance of AnAOB, and expand their application potential in complex wastewater treatment.

导出引用

张慕琦, 王乙橙, 晏鹏, 陈猷鹏. 厌氧氨氧化细菌的混合营养代谢机制研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(7): 3724-3734

ZHANG Mu-qi, WANG Yi-cheng, YAN Peng, CHEN You-peng. Research advances on the mixotrophic metabolic mechanisms of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(7): 3724-3734

中图分类号： X172

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