极端降雨条件下坡耕地土壤微塑料迁移

黄蕃攀; 侯磊; 马建刚; 王艳霞; 刘骐玮; 王伟; 梁启斌

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7) : 3843-3854.

土壤污染与控制

极端降雨条件下坡耕地土壤微塑料迁移

黄蕃攀¹, 侯磊², 马建刚¹, 王艳霞¹, 刘骐玮², 王伟³, 梁启斌²

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Migration of microplastics in sloping croplands soil under extreme rainfall conditions.

HUANG Fan-pan¹, HOU Lei², MA Jian-gang¹, WANG Yan-xia¹, LIU Qi-wei², WANG Wei³, LIANG Qi-bin²

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摘要

设置不同降雨强度(60,90,120和180mm/h)和坡度(0°,5°,10°和20°)条件,开展为期14d的室内模拟短历时降雨(单次降雨时长10min)实验,观测坡耕地的产流量、产沙量和微塑料流失量,研究降雨结束后微塑料在土壤水平和垂直方向的迁移特征,探讨降雨强度和坡度对坡耕地土壤微塑料迁移的影响.结果表明:60和90mm/h处理的短历时降雨下,未发生产流、产沙和微塑料流失,增大降雨强度可显著提高其他处理的产流量(213.11~261.70mm)、产沙量(1191.68~1391.40g/m²)和微塑料流失量(23113~39953n/m²).坡度为0°时,产流量、产沙量和微塑料流失量均为0,20°时的微塑料流失量(34570.92n/m²)显著高于10°(23113.37n/m²).微塑料流失量随降雨天数的增加呈先增加后减小趋势,微塑料流失量与产流量和产沙量均呈显著正相关关系(P＜0.05).微塑料在表层土壤水平方向的迁移总量为4.73~31.00n/g,迁移量随距离的增加而减小,微塑料水平迁移总量与降雨强度呈正相关关系(P＞0.05).土壤中微塑料垂直迁移总量在1.41~11.59n/g范围内,随土壤深度的增加微塑料迁移量减小,微塑料垂直迁移总量与降雨强度和坡度间呈正相关关系(P＞0.05).短历时极端降雨会导致坡耕地土壤微塑料流失,降雨强度和坡度是影响微塑料流失和改变土壤中微塑料分布的重要因素.

Abstract

A 14-d indoor simulated short-duration rainfall (10min for a single rainfall) experiment was conducted with different rainfall intensities (60, 90, 120 and 180mm/h) and slope gradients (0°, 5°, 10° and 20°) to observe the runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss from the soil of sloping croplands. We investigated the migration characteristics of MPs in the horizontal and vertical directions of soil after rainfall, and explored the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil MPs migration in sloping croplands. The results showed that: Under short-duration rainfall of 60and 90mm/h treatment, no runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were observed. The runoff (213.11~261.70mm) and sediment yield (1191.68~1391.40g/m²) and MPs loss (23113~39953n/m²) increased with the increase of rainfall intensity in the rest of the treatments. The runoff and sediment yield and MPs loss were all zero at 0° slope gradient, and MPs loss was significantly higher at 20° (34570.92n/m²) than at 10° (23113.37n/m²). The MPs loss showed a firstly increasing and then decreasing trend along with the simulated rainfall experiment, and the MPs loss showed a significant positive correlation with both runoff and sediment yield (P＜0.05). The total amount of MPs migration in the horizontal direction in surface soil ranged from 4.73 to 31.00n/g, which decreased with the increase of distance. There was a positive correlation between the amount of horizontal MPs migration and rainfall intensities (P＞0.05). The total amount of vertical migration of MPs in soil column ranged from 1.41to 11.59n/g, which decreased with the increase of soil depth. The amount of vertical MPs migration showed a positive correlation with rainfall intensities and slopes (P＞0.05). The results indicate that extreme rainfalls of short-duration lead to soil MPs loss from sloping croplands, and rainfall intensity and slope gradient are important factors affecting the MPs loss and changing the MPs distribution in soil.

导出引用

黄蕃攀, 侯磊, 马建刚, 王艳霞, 刘骐玮, 王伟, 梁启斌. 极端降雨条件下坡耕地土壤微塑料迁移[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(7): 3843-3854

HUANG Fan-pan, HOU Lei, MA Jian-gang, WANG Yan-xia, LIU Qi-wei, WANG Wei, LIANG Qi-bin. Migration of microplastics in sloping croplands soil under extreme rainfall conditions.[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(7): 3843-3854

中图分类号： X53

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