汇流对黄河郑州段沉积物微塑料污染分布的影响

张发文; 邓正云; 杨铮; 罗永强; 赵长民; 李和通; 蒋莉萍; 桂新; 马丽

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7) : 3884-3895.

环境生态

汇流对黄河郑州段沉积物微塑料污染分布的影响

张发文¹, 邓正云¹, 杨铮¹, 罗永强¹, 赵长民², 李和通², 蒋莉萍¹, 桂新¹, 马丽¹

作者信息 +

The impact of confluence on the distribution of microplastic pollution in sediments of the Yellow River (Zhengzhou Section).

ZHANG Fa-wen¹, DENG Zheng-yun¹, YANG Zheng¹, LUO Yong-qiang¹, ZHAO Chang-min², LI He-tong², JIANG Li-ping¹, GUI Xin¹, MA Li¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

为探究汇流对黄河中下游沉积物中微塑料分布和污染的影响,采集了黄河郑州段24个沉积物样本,通过体视显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱对微塑料进行定量和定性分析,探讨其污染分布特征;利用聚类分析考察干、支流微塑料污染分布之间的关系.结果表明:丰水期和枯水期沉积物中微塑料丰度均值分别为(1340.97 ± 314.84) n/kg和(2372.22 ± 604.17) n/kg;总体来看,微塑料丰度呈现支流＞干流、下游＞上游的趋势;其中纤维状微塑料占比最高,颜色以蓝色、黑色和透明为主;粒径＜2mm居多;主要聚合物类型是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),其主要来源是洗涤废水排放和生活垃圾丢弃;汇流后微塑料形状和种类组成丰富度增加,主导色(蓝、黑、透明)占比降低,小粒径(＜2mm)占比增加.这说明支流作为源,汇流后改变了干流沉积物微塑料的组成和分布,甚至影响其迁移.

Abstract

A total of 24 sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Zhengzhou Section to explore the influence of confluence on the distribution and pollution of microplastics in the sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. To investigate the pollution distribution characteristics of microplastics, quantitative and qualitative analysis were conducted by using stereomicroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. Subsequently, cluster analysis was performed to examine the relationship of the microplastics pollution distribution between the main and tributary streams. The results showed that the mean values of microplastic abundance in the sediments were (1340.97 ± 314.84) n/kg and (2372.22 ± 604.17) n/kg during the wet season and dry season, respectively. Overall, the abundance of microplastics showed a trend of higher tributary than main stream, and higher downstream than upstream. Among them, fibrous microplastics accounted for the highest proportion, and dominated by blue, black, and transparent, with the majority of the particle size less than 2mm. The main polymer type was polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and the waste water discharges from washing and household waste disposal were identified as the major sources. Moreover, increased diversity in shapes and types of microplastic were observed after confluence, with a reduction in the fraction of the dominant colours (blue, black, clear) and an expansion in the proportion of small particle sizes (＜2mm). This indicates that the tributaries, as the source, contributed to the composition and distribution of microplastics in the main stream sediments after confluence, even affecting their migration.

导出引用

张发文, 邓正云, 杨铮, 罗永强, 赵长民, 李和通, 蒋莉萍, 桂新, 马丽. 汇流对黄河郑州段沉积物微塑料污染分布的影响[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(7): 3884-3895

ZHANG Fa-wen, DENG Zheng-yun, YANG Zheng, LUO Yong-qiang, ZHAO Chang-min, LI He-tong, JIANG Li-ping, GUI Xin, MA Li. The impact of confluence on the distribution of microplastic pollution in sediments of the Yellow River (Zhengzhou Section).[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(7): 3884-3895

中图分类号： X522

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