环境污染水平的抗生素对大肠杆菌的毒性与耐药性风险

沈洪艳; 尹康年; 王浩林; 孙昊宇; 杨雷; 边永欢

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7) : 4003-4011.

环境毒理与健康

环境污染水平的抗生素对大肠杆菌的毒性与耐药性风险

沈洪艳^1,2, 尹康年¹, 王浩林¹, 孙昊宇³, 杨雷⁴, 边永欢^1,2

作者信息 +

Toxicity and resistance risk of antibiotics to Escherichia coli based on the level of environmental pollution.

SHEN Hong-yan^1,2, YIN Kang-nian¹, WANG Hao-lin¹, SUN Hao-yu³, YANG Lei⁴, BIAN Yong-huan^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为明确水环境中抗生素对细菌的毒性与耐药性风险,以诺氟沙星(NOR)与头孢噻肟钠(CTX)为受试化合物,选择半数效应浓度(EC₅₀)、突变和接合转移促进率为10%的较低浓度作特征参数,采用直接均分射线法设计混合抗生素,探究抗生素对大肠杆菌(E.coli)的毒性及耐药性效应.结果表明,NOR与CTX在单一及二元混合条件下对E.coli的毒性、突变与接合转移效应均产生了“Hormesis”现象,生长促进率、突变促进率与接合促进率峰值分别达38.40%、101.26%、28.73%.相比于抗生素单独暴露,混合抗生素对E.coli生长与突变的最大促进率均减小,E.coli产生突变与接合转移的相对安全浓度降低.混合体系中NOR浓度配比越大,EC₅₀越小,最大突变促进率、最大接合促进率越高,且相对安全浓度越低.随着混合体系浓度的增加,对E.coli毒性、突变与接合转移的联合作用模式分别由相加、协同、协同转变为协同、拮抗、拮抗,且NOR浓度配比越高,促进E.coli生长、突变、接合转移的协同、协同、拮抗强度最大值越小.水环境中抗生素的混合浓度配比是评估其细菌毒性与耐药性等生态风险的重要因素.

Abstract

To clarify the ecological risks of antibiotics in aquatic environments regarding bacterial toxicity and resistance, norfloxacin (NOR) and ceftazidime sodium (CTX) were selected as test compounds. Characteristic parameters including EC50and lower concentrations inducing 10% mutation/conjugation transfer promotion rates were employed. Binary antibiotic mixtures were designed using the direct equipartition ray method to investigate their toxicity and resistance-inducing effects on Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results demonstrated hormetic effects in both individual and combined exposures, with maximum growth promotion, mutation promotion, and conjugation transfer promotion rates reaching 38.40%, 101.26%, and 28.73%, respectively. Compared with individual exposure, the maximum promotion rate of mixed antibiotics on E.coli growth and mutation was reduced, along with decreased relative safety concentrations for mutation and conjugation transfer. Higher NOR proportion in mixtures resulted in lower EC₅₀ values, elevated maximum mutation/conjugation promotion rates, and reduced safety concentrations. The combined action patterns transitioned from additive/synergistic/synergistic to synergistic/antagonistic/antagonistic for toxicity/mutation/conjugation transfer effects respectively as concentrations increased. Higher NOR proportions diminished the maximum synergistic intensities for growth/mutation promotion and antagonistic intensity for conjugation transfer. The concentration ratio in antibiotic mixtures was identified as a critical factor for assessing bacterial toxicity and resistance risks in aquatic environments.

导出引用

沈洪艳, 尹康年, 王浩林, 孙昊宇, 杨雷, 边永欢. 环境污染水平的抗生素对大肠杆菌的毒性与耐药性风险[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(7): 4003-4011

SHEN Hong-yan, YIN Kang-nian, WANG Hao-lin, SUN Hao-yu, YANG Lei, BIAN Yong-huan. Toxicity and resistance risk of antibiotics to Escherichia coli based on the level of environmental pollution.[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(7): 4003-4011

中图分类号： X503

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