气相色谱/质谱和红外光谱测定鱼体内微塑料

杨颖; 吴玉暄; 潘巍; 张子晔; 安立会; 高俊敏

PDF(1318 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7) : 4012-4020.

环境毒理与健康

气相色谱/质谱和红外光谱测定鱼体内微塑料

杨颖^1,2, 吴玉暄^2,3, 潘巍², 张子晔², 安立会², 高俊敏¹

作者信息 +

Determination of microplastics in fish by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy.

YANG Ying^1,2, WU Yu-xuan^2,3, PAN Wei², ZHANG Zi-ye², AN Li-hui², GAO Jun-min¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为弥补现有光谱技术在检测微塑料方面的不足,全面了解野生海水鱼体内的微塑料赋存水平,本研究建立了热裂解-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法(Py-TD-GC/MS),该方法在微塑料提取和量化方面具有优良的回收率(＞90%),在此基础上,利用该方法定量渤海湾野生梭鱼和鲈鱼胃肠道中PP、PE、PS和PVC 4种微塑料(0.22~500μm)的质量浓度.结果发现,梭鱼胃肠道中小粒径微塑料(0.22~20μm)浓度((64.71±80.47)μg/g)明显低于鲈鱼((371.30±401.53)μg/g)(P＜0.05),而大粒径微塑料(20~500μm)浓度((150.33±116.58)μg/g)略高于鲈鱼((107±96.49)μg/g)(P＞0.05),且PE和PVC浓度均明显高于PS和PP;接着使用激光红外成像系统(LDIR)定量渤海湾野生梭鱼和鲈鱼胃肠道中微塑料(20~500μm)丰度水平,发现检测到的微塑料粒径以20~50µm为主､形态以碎片为主、材质以PE和PVC等11种聚合物为主,并且梭鱼胃肠道中PP、PE、PS和PVC 4种微塑料的平均丰度((38.21±19.95)个/g)略高于鲈鱼((34.75±26.33)个/g)(P＞0.05),4种材质微塑料质量浓度分布与颗粒丰度分布总体上一致.利用聚合物危害指数评估鲈鱼和梭鱼胃肠道中赋存微塑料的潜在生态危害,发现由于PVC微塑料的存在导致了较高的潜在危害指数.Py-TD-GC/MS能够检测生物体内更小粒径微塑料,Py-TD-GC/MS和红外光谱技术联用可全面揭示野生鱼类体内的微塑料污染特征.

Abstract

To address the limitations of conventional spectroscopic techniques in microplastic detection and comprehensively assess microplastic occurrence in wild marine fish, this study developed a pyrolysis-thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-TD-GC/MS) method. This approach demonstrated excellent recovery rates (＞90%) for microplastic extraction and quantification. On this basis, this method was used to quantify the mass concentrations of PP, PE, PS and PVC (0.22~500μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of wild barracuda and bass in Bohai Bay. Results revealed that the concentration of small and medium-sized microplastics (0.22~20μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of barracuda ((64.71 ± 80.47) μg/g) was significantly lower than that of bass ((371.30 ± 401.53)μg/g) (P＜0.05), while the concentration of large-sized microplastics (20~500μm) ((150.33±116.58) μg/g) was slightly higher than that in bass ((107±96.49) μg/g) (P＞0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of PE and PVC were significantly higher than those of PS and PP. Subsequently, the laser infrared imaging system (LDIR) was used to quantify the abundance of microplastics (20~500μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of wild barracuda and bass in the Bohai Bay. It was found that the detected microplastics were mainly 20~50μm in size, primarily fragment-shaped, and mainly composed of 11polymers such as PE and PVC. The average abundance of PP, PE, PS and PVC in the gastrointestinal tract of barracuda ((38.21±19.95) items/g) was slightly higher than that of bass ((34.75±26.33) items /g) (P＞0.05). The mass concentration distribution of microplastics in the four materials was generally consistent with the particle abundance distribution. The polymer hazard index was used to evaluate the potential ecological hazards of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of bass and barracuda, and it was found that the presence of PVC microplastics led to a higher potential hazard index. Py-TD-GC/MS can detect microplastics with smaller particle sizes in organisms, and the combination of Py-TD-GC/MS and infrared spectroscopy can fully reveal the characteristics of microplastic pollution in wild fish.

导出引用

杨颖, 吴玉暄, 潘巍, 张子晔, 安立会, 高俊敏. 气相色谱/质谱和红外光谱测定鱼体内微塑料[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(7): 4012-4020

YANG Ying, WU Yu-xuan, PAN Wei, ZHANG Zi-ye, AN Li-hui, GAO Jun-min. Determination of microplastics in fish by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy.[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(7): 4012-4020

中图分类号： X132

参考文献

[1] Ding Y, Zou X, Wang C, et al. The abundance and characteristics of atmospheric microplastic deposition in the northwestern South China Sea in the fall [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2021,253.
[2] 山泽萱,张妍,张成前,等.渭河微塑料污染现状与风险评价 [J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(1):231-242. Shan Z X, Zhang Y, Zhang C Q, et al. Microplastic pollution status and ecological risk evaluation in Weihe River [J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(1):231-242
[3] 吴倩,傅乐雯,叶霞,等.北京前海沉积物和水体中微塑料的分布特征 [J]. 中央民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2023,32(1):36-46. Wu Q, Fu L W, Ye X, et al. Distribution characteristics of microplastics in sediment and water of Qianhai Lake, Beijing [J]. Journal of The Central University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2023,32(1):36-46.
[4] Ghosh S, Sinha J K, Ghosh S, et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to the global environment and human health [J]. Sustainability, 2023,15(14):10821.
[5] Mattsson K, Ekvall M T, Hansson L, et al. Altered behavior, physiology, and metabolism in fish exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(1): 553-561.
[6] Oliveira M, Ribeiro A, Hylland K, et al. Single and combined effects of microplastics and pyrene on juveniles (0 + group) of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Teleostei, Gobiidae) [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2013,34:641-647.
[7] 薛云鹏.浅析淡水河流中微塑料的研究进展 [J]. 资源节约与环保, 2020,(1):12. Xue Y P. A Brief Analysis of research progress on microplastics in freshwater rivers [J]. Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection, 2020,(1):12.
[8] Lu Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y, et al. Uptake and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and toxic effects in liver [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(7):4054-4060.
[9] Xu S, Ma J, Ji R, et al. Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020,703.
[10] Jiang R, Deng Z, Li J, et al. The "Journey" of microplastics across the marine food web in China's largest fishing ground [J]. Water, 2023, 15(3):445.
[11] Gouin T. Toward an improved understanding of the ingestion and trophic transfer of microplastic particles: Critical review and implications for future research [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2020,39(6):1119-1137.
[12] Barboza L G A, Lourenço S C, Aleluia A, et al. A global synthesis of microplastic contamination in wild fish species: Challenges for conservation, implications for sustainability of wild fish stocks and future directions [J]. Advances in Marine Biology, Sheppard C, Academic Press, 2023:94:159-200.
[13] Zhu L, Wang H, Chen B, et al. Microplastic ingestion in deep-sea fish from the South China Sea [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 677:493-501.
[14] Pan Z, Zhang C, Wang S, et al. Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract and gills of fish from Guangdong, South China [J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021,9(9):981.
[15] Wang F, Wu H, Wu W, et al. Microplastic characteristics in organisms of different trophic levels from Liaohe Estuary, China [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021,789.
[16] Wootton N, Reis-Santos P, Gillanders B M. Microplastic in fish -A global synthesis [J]. Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2021, 31(4):753-771.
[17] Wardlaw C M, Corcoran P L, Neff B D. Factors influencing the variation of microplastic uptake in demersal fishes from the upper Thames River Ontario [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,313.
[18] Scircle A, Cizdziel J, Tisinger L, et al. Occurrence of microplastic pollution at oyster reefs and other coastal sites in the Mississippi sound, USA: Impacts of freshwater inflows from flooding [J]. Toxics, 2020, 8(2):35.
[19] Ivleva N P. Chemical analysis of microplastics and nanoplastics: Challenges, advanced methods, and perspectives [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2021,121(19):11886-11936.
[20] Dierkes G, Lauschke T, Becher S, et al. Quantification of microplastics in environmental samples via pressurized liquid extraction and pyrolysis-gas chromatography [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2019,411(26):6959-6968.
[21] Hermabessiere L, Rochman C M. Microwave-assisted extraction for quantification of microplastics using pyrolysis -gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021, 40(10):2733-2741.
[22] 江竹莲,陈雪煜,金宪丹.热裂解-气质联用技术测试环境土壤中的微塑料 [J]. 环境化学, 2022,41(5):1824-1826. Jiang Z L, Chen X Y, Jin X D. Determination of microplastics in soil by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2022,41(5): 1824-1826.
[23] Ribeiro F, Okoffo E D, O'Brien J W, et al. Quantitative analysis of selected plastics in high-commercial-value australian seafood by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(20):13364.
[24] Okoffo E D, Ribeiro F, O'Brien J W, et al. Identification and quantification of selected plastics in biosolids by pressurized liquid extraction combined with double-shot pyrolysis gas chromatography -mass spectrometry [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020,715.
[25] Braun U, Altmann K, Herper D, et al. Smart filters for the analysis of microplastic in beverages filled in plastic bottles [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2021,38(4):691-700.
[26] Primpke S, Christiansen S H, Cowger W, et al. Critical assessment of analytical methods for the harmonized and cost-efficient analysis of microplastics [J]. Applied Spectroscopy, 2020,74(9):1012-1047.
[27] Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu L, et al. Promising indicators for monitoring microplastic pollution [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2022,182.
[28] Li H, Zhu L, Ma M, et al. Occurrence of microplastics in commercially sold bottled water [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2023,867.
[29] Ranjani M, Veerasingam S, Venkatachalapathy R, et al. Assessment of potential ecological risk of microplastics in the coastal sediments of India: A meta-analysis [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021,163.
[30] Zhao J, Lan R, Wang Z, et al. Microplastic fragmentation by rotifers in aquatic ecosystems contributes to global nanoplastic pollution [J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2024,19(3):406-414.
[31] Dawson A L, Kawaguchi S, King C K, et al. Turning microplastics into nanoplastics through digestive fragmentation by Antarctic krill [J]. Nature Communications, 2018,9.
[32] Wang F, Yu Y, Wu H, et al. Microplastics in spotted seal cubs (Phoca largha): Digestion after ingestion? [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021,785.
[33] Roch S, Walter T, Ittner L D, et al. A systematic study of the microplastic burden in freshwater fishes of south-western Germany -Are we searching at the right scale? [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,689:1001-1011.
[34] Prinz N, Korez S. Understanding how microplastics affect marine biota on the cellular level is important for assessing ecosystem function: A review [J]. Youmares 9 -The Oceans: Our Research, Our Future, 2020:101-120.
[35] Wang J, Liu X, Liu G, et al. Size effect of polystyrene microplastics on sorption of phenanthrene and nitrobenzene [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019,173:331-338.
[36] Ghosh G C, Akter S M, Islam R M, et al. Microplastics contamination in commercial marine fish from the Bay of Bengal [J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2021,44.
[37] Horton A A, Weerasinghe K D I, Mayor D J, et al. Microplastics in commercial marine fish species in the UK -A case study in the River Thames and the River Stour (East Anglia) estuaries [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,915.
[38] Daniel D B, Ashraf P M, Thomas S N. Microplastics in the edible and inedible tissues of pelagic fishes sold for human consumption in Kerala, India [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,266.
[39] Pappoe C, Palm L M N D, Denutsui D, et al. Occurrence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tract of fish from the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2022,182.
[40] Geyer R, Jambeck J R, Law K L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made [J]. Science Advances, 2017,3(7):e1700782.
[41] Mistri M, Sfriso A A, Casoni E, et al. Microplastic accumulation in commercial fish from the Adriatic Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2022,174.
[42] Pozo K, Gomez V, Torres M, et al. Presence and characterization of microplastics in fish of commercial importance from the Biobio region in central Chile [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019,140:315-319.
[43] Uurasjarvi E, Sainio E, Setala O, et al. Validation of an imaging FTIR spectroscopic method for analyzing microplastics ingestion by Finnish lake fish (Perca fluviatilis and Coregonus albula) [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,288.
[44] James K, Vasant K, Padua S, et al. An assessment of microplastics in the ecosystem and selected commercially important fishes off Kochi, south eastern Arabian Sea, India [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020, 154.
[45] Karbalaei S, Golieskardi A, Hamzanh H B, et al. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in commercial marine fish from Malaysia [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019,148:5-15.
[46] Nithin A, Sundaramanickam A, Iswarya P, et al. Hazard index of microplastics contamination in various fishes collected off Parangipettai, Southeast coast of India [J]. Chemosphere, 2022,307.
[47] Fang C, Zheng R, Chen H, et al. Comparison of microplastic contamination in fish and bivalves from two major cities in Fujian province, China and the implications for human health [J]. Aquaculture, 2019,512.
[48] Lithner D, Larsson A, Dave G. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2011,409(18): 3309-3324.