宁夏盐碱区排水沟岸边带和底泥脱氮贡献及驱动因素

祁若曈; 孙西燕; 李宏旭; 郑兰香

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8) : 4551-4562.

环境生态

宁夏盐碱区排水沟岸边带和底泥脱氮贡献及驱动因素

祁若曈¹, 孙西燕¹, 李宏旭¹, 郑兰香^1,2

作者信息 +

Study on nitrogen removal contributions and driving factors of riparian zones and sediments in drainage ditches of Ningxia saline-alkali areas

QI Ruo-tong¹, SUN Xi-yan¹, LI Hong-xu¹, ZHENG Lan-xiang^1,2

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摘要

以宁夏第三排水沟为研究对象,采用¹⁵N同位素技术,测定了不同采样断面岸边带和底泥的反硝化、厌氧氨氧化速率及其脱氮贡献;结合宏基因组测序和功能基因PCR定量分析,探讨理化特征、功能基因及微生物群落结构对岸边带和底泥脱氮过程的影响.结果显示,宁夏第三排水沟岸边带和底泥的反硝化速率(1.22~3.75μmol N₂/(kg·h)均显著高于厌氧氨氧化速率(0.16~0.48μmol N₂/(kg·h)(P<0.05),反硝化的脱氮贡献占83.91%~92.95%,厌氧氨氧化的脱氮贡献占7.05%~16.09%,反硝化为宁夏第三排水沟岸边带和底泥中主要的脱氮途径.排水沟底泥的反硝化速率显著高于岸边带(P < 0.05),而厌氧氨氧化速率在岸边带和底泥中的差异不显著(P > 0.05).反硝化功能基因nirK在岸边带的丰度显著高于底泥(P < 0.05);nirS则反之;岸边带和底泥的反硝化功能基因(nirK和nirS)丰度之和均显著高于厌氧氨氧化功能基因丰度(P < 0.05).亚硝化球菌属是岸边带中最优势的nirK型反硝化微生物,脱氯菌属是底泥中最优势的nirS型反硝化微生物.理化因子通过调控微生物活性影响功能基因的丰度及表达进而驱动脱氮过程;底泥中更高的TOC含量、更为厌氧的环境及更高的功能基因丰度是其反硝化能力显著优于岸边带的核心驱动因素.

Abstract

In this study, the rates of denitrification and anammox, as well as their contributions to nitrogen removal, were quantified using the ¹⁵N isotope labeling technique in the riparian zones and sediments of different sampling sections within the 3rd Drainage Ditch in Ningxia's saline-alkali region. By integrating metagenomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of functional genes, the influences of physicochemical properties, functional gene abundances, and microbial community structures on nitrogen removal processes in these two matrixes were systematically investigated. The results revealed that denitrification rates (1.22~3.75 μmol N₂/(kg·h) were significantly higher than anammox rates (0.16~0.48μmol N₂/(kg·h) in both riparian zones and sediments (P<0.05), contributing 83.91%~92.95% and 7.05%~16.09% to total nitrogen removal, respectively. This indicates that denitrification is the dominant nitrogen removal pathway in the studied drainage ditch system. Sediments exhibited significantly higher denitrification rates than riparian zones (P<0.05), while no significant difference in anammox rates was observed between the two zones (P>0.05). Regarding functional genes, the abundance of the denitrification gene nirK was significantly higher in riparian zones than in sediments (P<0.05), whereas the opposite trend was found for nirS. Notably, the combined abundances of denitrification genes (nirK + nirS) were significantly greater than those of anammox-related genes in both matrixes (P<0.05). Microbial community analysis showed that Nitrososphaera was the most dominant genus among nirK-type denitrifiers in riparian zones, while Dechloromonas dominated the nirS-type denitrifier community in sediments. Environmental factors regulated microbial activity by influencing the abundance and expression of functional genes, thereby driving nitrogen removal processes. Higher total organic carbon (TOC) content, more anaerobic micro-environments, and greater functional gene abundances in sediments were identified as core driving factors contributing to their significantly enhanced denitrification capacity compared to riparian zones.

导出引用

祁若曈, 孙西燕, 李宏旭, 郑兰香. 宁夏盐碱区排水沟岸边带和底泥脱氮贡献及驱动因素[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(8): 4551-4562

QI Ruo-tong, SUN Xi-yan, LI Hong-xu, ZHENG Lan-xiang. Study on nitrogen removal contributions and driving factors of riparian zones and sediments in drainage ditches of Ningxia saline-alkali areas[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(8): 4551-4562

中图分类号： X143 X52

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