北方岩溶区地表水硝酸盐分布特征及来源解析——以卧虎山水库流域为例

张而弛; 王希; 徐晶; 丛鑫; 徐征和; 徐立荣; 刘博文; 梁星棋; 刘梦雨

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 4965-4974.

水污染与控制

北方岩溶区地表水硝酸盐分布特征及来源解析——以卧虎山水库流域为例

张而弛, 王希, 徐晶, 丛鑫, 徐征和, 徐立荣, 刘博文, 梁星棋, 刘梦雨

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Distribution characteristics and source analysis of nitrate in surface water of the northern karst region: A case study of the Wohushan Reservoir Basin

ZHANG Er-chi, WANG Xi, XU Jing, CONG Xin, XU Zheng-he, XU Li-rong, LIU Bo-wen, LIANG Xing-qi, LIU Meng-yu

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摘要

北方岩溶区存在着潜在的硝酸盐污染风险,系统探究该区域地表水硝酸盐时空分布特征及其污染源解析,对于及时识别污染隐患并精准定位污染源头具有重要意义.以北方岩溶区典型流域卧虎山水库流域为研究对象,对流域内3条主要河流锦阳川、锦云川、锦绣川均匀布点,分别于枯水期、平水期、丰水期采集了该流域干流及其主要支流的18个地表水样品,共54组.结合水化学方法、冗余分析(RDA)、氮氧同位素技术及贝叶斯同位素混合(SIAR)模型,阐明了流域硝酸盐在复杂地表水环境中的时空分布特征及主要来源,定量计算了各污染源的贡献比例.结果表明:①研究区水化学条件适合硝化反应的发生,3个时期的氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度均较低;枯水期硝酸盐平均浓度高于平、丰水期;锦绣川上游3个时期硝态氮均较低,下游(S7-9)枯、平水期硝态氮浓度显著增高,而丰水期硝态氮浓度空间差异性较小,在锦阳川(X2、X3)和锦云川(Y2、Y3)处相对较高.②研究区3个时期的硝酸盐迁移转化过程中,同化、反硝化作用不明显,主要以硝化作用为主.③丰水期地表水硝酸盐以面源污染贡献为主,土壤有机氮的贡献率为62.81%;平水期污染源贡献率受多方面影响,其中土壤和粪肥污水贡献率较高,分别为48.85%和21.96%;枯水期来源主要为生活污水排放,贡献率为68.03%.研究结果为我国北方岩溶区硝酸盐污染防治及水环境保护提供科学依据.

Abstract

There is the potential for nitrate contamination in the northern karst area. Systematically investigating the spatiotemporal pattern of surface water nitrate and the sources of pollution is extremely important for the timely recognition of the pollution hazard and the accurate location of the sources of pollution. Based on the representative watershed in the northern karst area, the Wuhushan Reservoir Basin, this study carried out evenly distributed sampling on the three main rivers of Jinyangchuan, Jinyunchuan, and Jinxiuchuan. A total of 54surface water samples from 18points along the major streams and primary tributaries were collected in the dry season, normal season, and wet season. By combining hydrochemical analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), nitrogen and oxygen isotope methods, and the Bayesian isotope mixing model (SIAR), the study outlined the spatiotemporal pattern characteristics of nitrate in the basin’s intricately interconnected surface water system and quantitatively estimated the contribution rates of different sources of pollution. The results showed that: ① The hydrochemical conditions in the research area were favorable for nitrification, with low ammonium and nitrite nitrogen contents persistently throughout the three seasons. Average nitrate contents in the dry season were greater than the normal season and wet season. Nitrate contents remained low in the upper reaches of Jinxiuchuan throughout the periods, while the downstream segments (S7-S9) had much higher nitrate contents in the dry season and normal season. Spatial differences in nitrate contents in the wet season narrowed, with relatively high contents at stations X2 and X3 in Jinyangchuan, Y2 and Y3 in Jinyunchuan. ② During the entire course of the three seasonal periods, assimilation and denitrification did not play a dominant role in the nitrate transport and transformation process, with the prevalence of nitrification. ③ During the wet season, nitrate in surface water in the study area came mainly from non-point source pollution, of which soil organic nitrogen was 62.81%. Pollution sources in the normal season were richer in composition, with soil and manure/sanitary sewerage supplying 48.85% and 21.96%, respectively. Sewage from household discharge was the major source in the dry season, which contributed to the surface water nitrate to the extent of 68.03%. These discoveries provide scientific support for the prevention of nitrate pollution and environmental protection of surface water in the northern karst area in China.

导出引用

张而弛, 王希, 徐晶, 丛鑫, 徐征和, 徐立荣, 刘博文, 梁星棋, 刘梦雨. 北方岩溶区地表水硝酸盐分布特征及来源解析——以卧虎山水库流域为例[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(9): 4965-4974

ZHANG Er-chi, WANG Xi, XU Jing, CONG Xin, XU Zheng-he, XU Li-rong, LIU Bo-wen, LIANG Xing-qi, LIU Meng-yu. Distribution characteristics and source analysis of nitrate in surface water of the northern karst region: A case study of the Wohushan Reservoir Basin[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(9): 4965-4974

中图分类号： X524

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