锑尾矿中细菌群落对环境变量的差异性响应研究

赵清英; 谭昭; 李文杰; 张泽民; 关潇; 李金花

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 5035-5047.

土壤污染与控制

锑尾矿中细菌群落对环境变量的差异性响应研究

赵清英^1,2, 谭昭³, 李文杰¹, 张泽民¹, 关潇¹, 李金花²

作者信息 +

Study on the differential responses of bacterial community in antimony tailings to environmental variables

ZHAO Qing-ying^1,2, TAN Zhao³, LI Wen-jie¹, ZHANG Ze-min¹, GUAN Xiao¹, LI Jin-hua²

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摘要

选择西北和西南两个地区具有代表性的Sb尾矿探究了覆土和裸露模式下Sb和砷(As)迁移特性及细菌群落变化.结果表明,晴隆尾矿中Sb-As全量显著高于西和覆土尾矿,Sb全量为21.90~29.35倍,As全量为20.23~39.26倍.地积累指数法(I_geo),次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)表明,晴隆尾矿中Sb-As的I_geo与RSP指数均大于3,属于偏重污染程度;西和覆土尾矿中Sb和As的I_geo指数均小于3,RSP指数均小于2,污染水平相对较低.Wenzel连续提取结果表明,整体Sb-As形态分布为无定型铁铝氧化物结合态(F3)>残渣态(F5)>晶质铁铝氧化物结合态(F4)>专性吸附态(F2)>非专性吸附态(F1);F3分别占Sb-As全量的36.91%和37.00%;晴隆尾矿中有效态Sb[Sb(Bio)]和有效态As [As(Bio)]显著高于西和覆土尾矿,而且Sb-As主要以F3赋存;西和覆土尾矿中Sb-As主要以F5赋存.主成分分析(PCoA)与相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,不同环境介质中细菌群落结构具有异质性.晴隆尾矿的优势菌门包括Chloroflexi和Firmicutes,属水平上以Kaistobacter, Pseudomonas和Rhodoplanes为主,西和覆土尾矿中Gemmatimonadetes和Bacteroidetes为重要组成部分,属水平以Thiobacillus, Kaistobacter和Sphingomonas为主;Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Geobacter和Sphingomonas为长期Sb-As污染环境富集的关键细菌类群,有望应用于Sb尾矿的原位生态修复.PICRUSt2 功能预测与偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)表明,细菌的功能类群变化主要表现为特定代谢功能的富集(约占40.66%).Spearman相关性,冗余分析(RDA)和随机森林(RF)分析表明,pH值,SOM和WAF是西和覆土尾矿细菌群落变化的主要驱动因素,Sb-As及其化学形态是晴隆尾矿细菌群落结构及功能变化的主要驱动因素.

Abstract

Representative Sb tailings from the northwest and southwest regions were selected to investigate the migration characteristics of Sb and arsenic (As), as well as changes in microbial community under both covered and exposed conditions. The results showed that the total concentrations of Sb-As in the Qinglong tailings were significantly higher than those in the Xihe soil-covered tailings, with Sb levels being 21.90~29.35 times higher and As levels 20.23~39.26 times higher. The index of Geo-accumulation (I_geo) and the Ratio of secondary phase to primary phase (RSP) indicated that the Qinglong tailings Sb-As contamination index was greater than 3, which belongs to severe contamination, the exposure of Sb-As thus poses a considerable threat to the soil environment. In contrast, the I_geo index for Sb-As in the Xihe soil-covered tailings were both <3, and RSP values was <2, indicating a relatively low level of contamination. Using the Wenzel sequential extraction method, the distribution of Sb-As fractions was found to follow the order: amorphous iron-aluminum oxide-bound fraction (F3)>residual fraction (F5)>crystalline iron-aluminum oxide-bound fraction (F4)>specifically adsorbed fraction (F2)>non-specifically adsorbed fraction (F1). F3 accounted for 36.91% and 37.00% of the total Sb-As contents, respectively. The bioavailable forms of Sb [Sb(Bio)] and As [As (Bio)] were significantly higher in the Qinglong tailings than in the Xihe soil-covered tailings. In Qinglong, Sb-As primarily occurred in the F3fraction, whereas in Xihe, they were mainly associated with the F5fraction.Principal coordinates analysis(PCoA) revealed that bacterial community structure varied across different environmental media. The dominant bacterial phyla in the Qinglong tailings were Chloroflexi and Firmicutes, with Kaistobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhodoplanes as the predominant genera. In the Xihe soil-covered tailings, Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes were significant components, and Thiobacillus, Kaistobacter, and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera. Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Geobacter, and Sphingomonas were identified as key bacterial taxa enriched in long-term Sb-As contaminated environments, indicating their potential for application in in-situ ecological restoration of Sb tailings. The functional prediction using PICRUSt2 and Partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)suggested that bacterial functional changes were primarily characterized by the enrichment of specific metabolic functions, accounting for approximately 40.66% of the total predicted functions.Spearman correlation analysis, Redundancy analysis (RDA), and Random forest (RF) analysis revealed that pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and water content (WAF) were the main drivers of bacterial community changes in the Xihe soil- covered tailings, while Sb-As concentrations and their chemical fractions were the main drivers of bacterial community structure and functional variation in the Qinglong tailings.

导出引用

赵清英, 谭昭, 李文杰, 张泽民, 关潇, 李金花. 锑尾矿中细菌群落对环境变量的差异性响应研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(9): 5035-5047

ZHAO Qing-ying, TAN Zhao, LI Wen-jie, ZHANG Ze-min, GUAN Xiao, LI Jin-hua. Study on the differential responses of bacterial community in antimony tailings to environmental variables[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(9): 5035-5047

中图分类号： X53

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