改良剂通过改变细菌群落多样性以增强钨尾矿的土壤多功能指数——以生物炭和鸡粪肥为例

郑小俊; 王紫琴; 李奇; 陈明

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 5048-5061.

土壤污染与控制

改良剂通过改变细菌群落多样性以增强钨尾矿的土壤多功能指数——以生物炭和鸡粪肥为例

郑小俊^1,2, 王紫琴^1,2, 李奇^2,3, 陈明^1,2

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Amendments enhance soil multifunctionality of tungsten tailings by changing bacterial community diversity —— in case of biochar and chicken manure

ZHENG Xiao-jun^1,2, WANG Zi-qin^1,2, LI Qi^2,3, CHEN Ming^1,2

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摘要

以高羊茅为先锋植物在钨尾矿上进行了植物定植,以恢复尾矿的土壤多功能指数(SMF).结果表明:鸡粪肥和生物炭施用增加了尾矿中的速效氮(61.15%~61.48%和23.55%~24.82%),速效磷(116.07%~143.50%和171.32%~179.71%)和有机质含量(55.46%~59.80%和255.36%~263.27%),鸡粪肥增加了尾矿中的脲酶(95.97%~117.03%)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(97.28%~112.59%)和磷酸酶活性(31.11%~49.35%),这些变化导致尾矿SMF增加,且SMF与高羊茅定植时间显著性相关(R²=0.4260,P<0.05).改良剂改变了细菌的群落结构,处理间的群落相异性指数从0.5437增加至0.7696随后降至0.3496,尾矿细菌的群落发展具有趋同性归因于SMF指数的增加.OUT共现网络分析表明改良剂处理后正相关边的比例从65.39%降低至56.96%~61.85%,增强了细菌间的竞争关系,并导致了细菌网络的复杂性和敏感性.结构方程模型解释了89.1%的土壤多功能变化,其中改良剂施用的直接效应为0.502,还通过影响高羊茅鲜重、细菌多样性和OUT共现网络产生间接效应.

Abstract

This study used Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) as a pioneer plant for vegetation establishment on tungsten tailings to restore the tailings' soil multifunctionality index (SMF). The results showed that the application of chicken manure and biochar increased the available nitrogen (61.15%~61.48% and 23.55%~24.82%), available phosphorus (116.07%~143.50%), and organic matter content (55.46%~59.80% and 255.36%~263.27%) in the tailings. Chicken manure also increased the activities of urease (95.97%~117.03%), β-glucosidase (97.28%~112.59%), and phosphatase (31.11%~49.35%) in the tailings. These changes led to an increase in the SMF of the tailings, and the SMF was significantly correlated with the planting time of F. arundinacea (R² = 0.4260, P < 0.05). The amendments altered the bacterial community structure, with the community dissimilarity index between treatments increasing from 0.5437 to 0.7696 and then decreasing to 0.3496. The development of the bacterial community in the tailings showed convergence, attributed to the increase in the SMF. Co-occurrence network analysis of OUTs (operational taxonomic units) revealed that after the amendment treatments, the proportion of positively correlated edges decreased from 65.39% to 56.96%~61.85%, which enhanced the competitive relationships between bacteria and increased the complexity and sensitivity of the bacterial network. The structural equation model explained 89.1% of the changes in soil multifunctionality, with the direct effect of the amendments being 0.502. Additionally, indirect effects were generated through their impact on the fresh weight of F. arundinacea, bacterial diversity, and the co-occurrence network of OUTs.

导出引用

郑小俊, 王紫琴, 李奇, 陈明. 改良剂通过改变细菌群落多样性以增强钨尾矿的土壤多功能指数——以生物炭和鸡粪肥为例[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(9): 5048-5061

ZHENG Xiao-jun, WANG Zi-qin, LI Qi, CHEN Ming. Amendments enhance soil multifunctionality of tungsten tailings by changing bacterial community diversity —— in case of biochar and chicken manure[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(9): 5048-5061

中图分类号： X53

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