衡水湖沉积物-水界面营养盐迁移转化特征模拟研究

王赞春; 孙明东; 陈立斌; 谢培; 孙宁; 刘成真; 陈聪聪; 乔飞

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 5071-5080.

环境生态

衡水湖沉积物-水界面营养盐迁移转化特征模拟研究

王赞春^1,2, 孙明东¹, 陈立斌², 谢培¹, 孙宁¹, 刘成真^1,2, 陈聪聪^1,3, 乔飞¹

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Simulation study on the migration and transformation characteristics of nutrients at the sediment-water interface of Hengshui Lake

WANG Zan-chun^1,2, SUN Ming-dong¹, CHEN Li-bin², XIE Pei¹, SUN Ning¹, LIU Cheng-zhen^1,2, CHEN Cong-cong^1,3, QIAO Fei¹

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摘要

湖泊氮、磷浓度是水体富营养化的表征指标,为探究衡水湖沉积物氮、磷释放与水环境质量演化的影响,基于EFDC模型构建了衡水湖水动力-水质-沉积物模型,分析沉积物-水界面氮、磷等营养盐的“源”“汇”转化过程和营养盐通量大小.通过情景模拟分析评估衡水湖内源释放对湖泊水质的影响,探讨了外源污染物大量输入或清淤工程实施条件下,湖泊沉积物对水质的调节能力.结果表明衡水湖沉积物中氨氮、硝态氮和磷酸盐的释放通量呈明显的时空变化:补水时王口闸区域氨氮、硝态氮、磷酸盐年净通量相较于大湖心平均涨幅分别为48%、86%和75%.植物区相较于大湖心无植物地带下氨氮年净沉积通量高出2.7倍,磷酸盐年净释放通量高出3.75倍.在情景模拟设置中,水体TN浓度在沉积物下相较于无沉积物时下降了10%~25%,TP浓度相较于无沉积物时上涨了4%~33%,揭示了衡水湖内源TP的释放风险.当外源营养盐输入急剧增加时,导致大量的营养盐会沉降至湖泊底部沉积物中,沉积物营养盐含量约2a后趋于新的平衡状态.清淤过量时湖泊沉积物需要约3a时间才能恢复到湖泊的动态平衡状态.

Abstract

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in lakes are indicative indicators of water eutrophication. To explore the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediments in Hengshui Lake on the evolution of water environment quality, a hydrodynamics- water quality-sediment model of Hengshui Lake was constructed based on the EFDC model. The "source" and "sink" transformation processes of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus at the sediment-water interface and the magnitude of nutrient fluxes were analyzed. Through scenario simulation analysis, the impact of internal nutrient release in Hengshui Lake on lake water quality was evaluated, and the regulatory capacity of lake sediments on water quality under the conditions of large input of external pollutants or implementation of dredging projects was discussed. The results showed that the release fluxes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate in the sediments of Hengshui Lake exhibited obvious temporal and spatial variations. During water replenishment, the annual net fluxes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate in the Wangkou Gate area increased by 48%, 86% and 75% respectively compared with the average values in the central part of the lake. In the plant area, the annual net deposition flux of ammonia nitrogen was 2.7 times higher than that in the non-plant area in the central part of the lake, and the annual net release flux of phosphate was 3.75 times higher. In the scenario simulation settings, the TN concentration in the water body decreased by 10%~25% when sediments were present compared with when there were no sediments, while the TP concentration increased by 4%~33%, which revealed the risk of internal TP release in Hengshui Lake. When the input of external nutrients increased sharply, a large amount of nutrients were caused to settle into the sediments at the bottom of the lake, and the nutrient content in the sediments tended to reach a new equilibrium state after about 2 years. When dredging was excessive, it took about 3 years for the lake sediments to recover to the dynamic equilibrium state of the lake.

导出引用

王赞春, 孙明东, 陈立斌, 谢培, 孙宁, 刘成真, 陈聪聪, 乔飞. 衡水湖沉积物-水界面营养盐迁移转化特征模拟研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(9): 5071-5080

WANG Zan-chun, SUN Ming-dong, CHEN Li-bin, XIE Pei, SUN Ning, LIU Cheng-zhen, CHEN Cong-cong, QIAO Fei. Simulation study on the migration and transformation characteristics of nutrients at the sediment-water interface of Hengshui Lake[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(9): 5071-5080

中图分类号： X524

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