为评估野生大鲵生境质量并促进野生大鲵资源保护,于2023年5月对广东连南大鲵省级自然保护区的溪流中开展了大型底栖无脊椎动物群落格局及驱动因素调查.结果表明,保护区溪流维系了高水平的底栖动物多样性,在32个样点中共记录180种,隶属于6门7纲16目71科167属,其中水生昆虫172种,为绝对优势类群(占总物种数的94.6%).优势种为短脉纹石蛾(Cheumatopsyche sp., 12.1%)、纹石蛾(Hydropsyche sp.,11.6%)、襟襀(Togoperla sp., 6.7%)、四节蜉(Baetis sp., 6.0%)和角石蛾(Stenopsyche sp., 5.5%)等蜉蝣目、襀翅目和毛翅目(EPT)的种类.对万坑河、三家冲河(上游,位于核心区)和排肚河(下游,位于实验区)3个区域的样点进行比较,发现底栖动物群落的物种数、密度、Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou’s均匀度指数在3个区域间无显著差异;3个区域的群落组成也差异较小,均以EPT等敏感种类为主,3组样点在nMDS排序图上有较大重叠.冗余分析(Redundancy Analysis,RDA)显示,影响底栖动物群落的关键环境因子为海拔、溶解氧和底质类型等,关键空间因子则包括12项PCNM变量,有分别代表大(1、3、4、6~8)、中(10、12、13、15)和小尺度(23、28)的PCNM轴.变差分解结果表明,环境因子单独解释了4.7%的群落变化,空间因子单独解释率5.0%,二者共同解释了8.4%,环境因子和空间因子对底栖动物群落变化的解释率基本一致.整体上,连南大鲵保护区内核心区和实验区的溪流生境均为优良状态,水质清洁,底栖动物多样性高,实验区的溪流生境仅略差于核心区.保护区内溪流的优良生境及高水平的底栖动物多样性为大鲵的生存繁衍提供了优良的条件.未来应进一步加强对保护区溪流生态系统的长期监测与管理,以持续提升野生大鲵的生境质量,为大鲵种群的稳定与恢复提供科学支撑.
Abstract
To assess the habitat quality of wild Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) and promote the conservation of their conservation, a survey on the community structure and driving factors of macroinvertebrates was conducted in May 2023 in the Guangdong Liannan Giant Salamander Provincial Nature Reserve. The results indicated that streams in the reserve maintained a high level of benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity, with 180 species, belonging to six phyla, seven classes, 16orders, 71 families, and 167 genera recorded across 32 sampling sites. Among them, aquatic insects accounted for 94.6% (172species) of the total species richness. The dominant species included Cheumatopsyche sp. (12.1%), Hydropsyche sp. (11.6%), Togoperla sp. (6.7%), Baetis sp. (6.0%), and Stenopsyche sp. (5.5%), which all belong to the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT). A comparison of sampling sites in three regions—Wankeng River, Sanjiachong River (upstream, located in the core area), and Paiduhou River (downstream, in the experimental area)—revealed no significant differences in benthic invertebrate species richness, density, Simpson index, Shannon index, and Pielou’s evenness index. The community composition was also similar across the three regions, with EPT and Diptera (sensitive taxa) being the dominant groups. The nMDS ordination plot showed substantial overlap among the three regions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that key environmental factors influencing the benthic community included altitude, dissolved oxygen, and substrate type, while key spatial factors included 12PCNM variables representing large- (PCNM axes 1, 3, 4, 6~8), medium- (10, 12, 13, 15), and small-scale (23, 28) spatial patterns. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that environmental factors alone explained 4.7% of the community variation, spatial factors alone explained 5.0%, and their combined effect explained 8.4%, indicating that environmental and spatial factors contributed similarly to the variation in benthic communities. Overall, the stream habitats in both the core and experimental zones of the Liannan giant salamander reserve were in excellent condition, with clean water and high benthic diversity, although the habitat quality in the experimental zone was slightly inferior to that of the core zone. The high-quality stream habitats and rich benthic biodiversity provide favorable conditions for the survival and reproduction of the giant salamander. In the future, long-term monitoring and management of the stream ecosystems in the reserve should be strengthened to continuously improve the habitat quality for wild giant salamanders and provide scientific support for the stability and recovery of their populations.
关键词
大鲵 /
大型无脊椎动物 /
群落结构 /
环境因子 /
冗余分析
Key words
macroinvertebrates /
community structure /
environmental factors /
spatial factors /
redundancy analysis
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基金
“广东连南大鲵省级自然保护区-保护对象专项调查项目”资助 (ZHCG2023-101); “珠江流域渔业资源与栖息地调查”专项
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