白洋淀野生鱼类体内微塑料赋存特征及影响因素

王兵帅; 齐杰; 孟鑫; 魏静凯

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 5254-5263.

新污染物

白洋淀野生鱼类体内微塑料赋存特征及影响因素

王兵帅^1,2, 齐杰^1,2, 孟鑫^1,2,3, 魏静凯^1,2

作者信息 +

Occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in wild fish in Baiyangdian Lake

WANG Bing-shuai^1,2, QI Jie^1,2, MENG Xin^1,2,3, WEI Jing-kai^1,2

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文章历史 +

摘要

微塑料(MPs)污染作为全球性环境问题,已对水生生态系统和野生鱼类健康构成严重威胁.本研究分析了白洋淀11种野生鱼类体内微塑料(MPs)污染特征及影响因素.结果显示,在白洋淀11种野生鱼体内,微塑料的检出率为100%,平均丰度为(26.54±3.69)个/条,检测出的微塑料大多数为尺寸<0.5mm的透明和黑色纤维状,其聚合物成分多样化.白洋淀鱼类体内MPs的积累受多种因素的综合影响:水环境微塑料丰度决定摄入机率;鱼类体长、体重影响生物放大效应;摄食习性调控暴露概率;栖息地特征(水体中MPs垂直分布)制约暴露水平.这些因素的相互作用导致不同鱼类个体间MPs积累水平存在显著差异,揭示了MPs生物累积的复杂机制.本研究结果将为白洋淀鱼体内MPs污染现状和风险评估提供数据支撑.

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) pollution, as a global environmental problem, has been recognized as a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and the health of wild fish. The characteristics and influencing factors of microplastic pollution were analyzed in 11species of wild fish from Baiyangdian. The results indicated that the detection rate of MPs in these 11species was 100%, with an average abundance of (26.54±3.69) MPs per individual. The majority of the detected MPs were identified as transparent and black fibrous particles, with sizes predominantly less than 0.5mm, and their polymer composition was found to be diverse. The accumulation of MPs in Baiyangdian fish was influenced by multiple factors: the biological characteristics of the fish (body length and weight) were shown to determine the probability of MPs intake; the trophic level was observed to affect the biomagnification effect; feeding habits were found to regulate exposure probability; and habitat characteristics (such as the vertical distribution of MPs in the water column) were demonstrated to constrain exposure levels. The interaction of these factors resulted in significant variations in MPs accumulation among different fish individuals, revealing the complex mechanisms underlying MPs bioaccumulation. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable data support for assessing the status and risks of MPs pollution in Baiyangdian fish populations.

导出引用

王兵帅, 齐杰, 孟鑫, 魏静凯. 白洋淀野生鱼类体内微塑料赋存特征及影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(9): 5254-5263

WANG Bing-shuai, QI Jie, MENG Xin, WEI Jing-kai. Occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in wild fish in Baiyangdian Lake[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(9): 5254-5263

中图分类号： X524

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