以重庆市涪陵页岩气开采区为例,结合2024年4月至6月期间对研究区土壤和地下水中重金属含量及空间分布特征的调查分析,分析该地区重金属的潜在来源及其环境影响.并进一步通过源解析和污染风险评估,明确了页岩气开采活动对土壤和地下水中重金属浓度变化的贡献及相关污染风险.研究结果表明,开采区土壤和地下水中的大部分重金属未表现出系统性超标,然而土壤中Cd、Pb和As存在轻度超标,而Ba和Sr在土壤和地下水中的显著富集和较高空间变异性尤为突出.特别地,开采区土壤中Ba的平均含量为561mg/kg,约为区域土壤背景含量的两倍.另外,开采区土壤中Ba、Sr、Cd和Cu的污染指分别为3.08、2.07、1.42和1.21,表明页岩气开采活动可能是Ba、Sr在环境中累积的主要因素.再者,Cu、Sr和Ba在土壤和地下水中的相关系数分别为0.84、0.78和0.76,表明这三种重金属可能来源一致.进一步地,通过APCS-MLR和PMF模型解析,农业源、自然源、页岩气开采源和工业源对土壤重金属的贡献率分别为17.1%、28.1%、15.4%和39.4%,其中页岩气开采源对土壤中Ba和Sr的贡献率分别达到50.9%和47.4%.对于开采区地下水而言,页岩气开采源对重金属浓度的贡献率为14.6%,其中对Ba的贡献率高达30.3%.总体而言,涪陵焦石坝页岩气开采区的土壤-地下水系统污染水平较低,但Ba和Sr的局部富集增加了两者潜在的生态风险.
Abstract
Dust pollution data (particles<920μm) collected across China from 2000 to 2023 were integrated. The results showed that heavy metal contamination in road dust was generally higher than in soils,yet evaluation methods produced inconsistent conclusions. Therefore, a risk assessment system tailored to the unique characteristics of dust was considered essential.The spatial distribution of urban road dust pollution in China showed a steadily increasing severity from the northwest to the southeast, and pollution sources were found to be complex. Source control alone was found to be insufficient to ensure long-term effectiveness, necessitating an adaptive governance approach. Based on the resilience governance concept, anovel urban road dust pollution risk assessment system was constructedusing the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and entropy weight method, incorporating a socio-ecological perspective. An empirical analysis of 31 cities classified them into five clusters: high-pressure-risk, high-response-risk, combined high-state-response-risk, combined high-state-pressure-risk, and low-risk—yielding tiered and category-specific recommendations: priority population-exposure studies in dense traffic areas, establishment of dust-monitoring and feedback networks, targeted abatement of centralized emission sources, enhanced early-warning systems for extreme-weather dust events, and fixed-site surveillance in sensitive zones.
关键词
页岩气 /
喀斯特地貌区 /
土壤-地下水 /
重金属 /
源解析 /
风险评价
Key words
shale gas /
Karst regions /
soil and groundwater /
heavy metal /
source apportionment /
risk assessment
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1805502)
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