碳酸盐岩发育土壤重金属高背景:形成因素和风险特征

李雅男; 夏学齐; 杨忠芳; 卢新哲; 黄春雷

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 11-19.

岩溶关键带重金属污染成因

碳酸盐岩发育土壤重金属高背景:形成因素和风险特征

李雅男¹, 夏学齐¹, 杨忠芳¹, 卢新哲², 黄春雷²

作者信息 +

High background of soil heavy metals developed from carbonate rocks: issues about formation and risk

LI Ya-nan¹, XIA Xue-qi¹, YANG Zhong-fang¹, LU Xin-zhe², HUANG Chun-lei²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

从空间分布、元素组合、高背景范围、元素富集程度的控制因素,以及形成原因和风险特征等方面,系统梳理碳酸盐岩有关的土壤重金属高背景研究进展.当前普遍认为,该类高背景形成的主要因素是母岩风化过程中的“次生富集”,即钙等常量元素淋失造成镉等微量元素的相对富集,在此过程中,铁锰矿物对这些元素的原地富集发挥了重要作用.从宏观角度,湿热的气候更有利于形成更高的背景含量.总体上,碳酸盐岩残积背景下镉等元素具有“高背景,低活性”特征,而在以其为物源的冲积区,存在酸溶态较高的现象,在土壤酸化等特定条件下,存在被活化风险.在中小尺度空间变异复杂的情况下,如何对该类高背景下自然背景与人为污染进行区分,开展相关风险定量识别,以及制定相关管控措施,是未来研究的重要方向.

Abstract

The research progress of high background of soil heavy metals related to carbonate rocks was systematically reviewed from the aspects of spatial distribution, element combination, spatial coverage, controlling factors, formation process, and risk characteristics. At present, it was generally believed that the main causation for the formation of this type of high background was the “secondary enrichment” of elements in the weathering process of parent rock, that is, the leaching of major elements, e.g. Ca, caused the relative enrichment of trace elements, e.g. Cd. In this process, iron and manganese minerals played an important role in the in-situ concentration of these elements. From the geographical perspective, the hot and humid climate was conducive to the formation of a higher background content. In general, Cd and other elements in soil developed from carbonate eluvium had the character of “high background with low activity”, while in the alluvial areas formed by carbonate weathered materials, high acid soluble state of Cd might have occurred with risks of activation under conditions such as soil acidification. With high spatial variation of soil heavy metals in such areas, especially in the medium and small spatial scales, problems such as differentiation between natural background and anthropogenic pollution, quantitative recognition of relative risks, and development of control measures for environmental management, were required to be solved in the future study.

导出引用

李雅男, 夏学齐, 杨忠芳, 卢新哲, 黄春雷. 碳酸盐岩发育土壤重金属高背景:形成因素和风险特征[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 11-19

LI Ya-nan, XIA Xue-qi, YANG Zhong-fang, LU Xin-zhe, HUANG Chun-lei. High background of soil heavy metals developed from carbonate rocks: issues about formation and risk[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 11-19

中图分类号： X131.3

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