单原子位点电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨研究进展

孙彭亮; 赵铮铮; 郑雄; 赵红颖; 郑广宏; 陈银广

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 120-137.

水污染与控制

单原子位点电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨研究进展

孙彭亮¹, 赵铮铮¹, 郑雄^1,2,3, 赵红颖^2,4, 郑广宏¹, 陈银广^1,3

作者信息 +

Recent advances in single-atom site electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia

SUN Peng-liang¹, ZHAO Zheng-zheng¹, ZHENG Xiong^1,2,3, ZHAO Hong-ying^2,4, ZHENG Guang-hong¹, CHEN Yin-guang^1,3

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文章历史 +

摘要

氨(NH₃)是支撑现代社会可持续发展的关键化工原料,但传统的哈伯-博施工艺等合成法仍面临高能耗与高碳排放的严峻挑战.近年来,基于可再生能源驱动的电催化硝酸盐还原反应(NO₃RR)因其在温和条件下可同步实现废水净化与高附加值产品合成,逐渐成为学科交叉的新兴研究热点.本综述系统总结了单原子位点催化剂在电化学NO₃RR领域的最新研究进展.首先阐述硝酸盐还原合成氨的作用机制,并探讨与机理研究相关的原位表征技术;其次系统评述单原子位点催化剂用于硝酸盐还原的研究进展,深入解析构效关系以指导高效催化剂设计;最后总结现有研究成果并展望该领域的未来发展方向.本综述旨在为环境友好型氨合成及硝酸盐资源化利用提供新思路,推动“双碳”目标要求下绿色催化技术的创新应用.

Abstract

Ammonia (NH₃), a cornerstone chemical for sustaining modern society, is traditionally produced via the energy-intensive and carbon-emissive Haber-Bosch process. In light of growing sustainability demands, the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR), powered by intermittent renewable energy, has recently emerged as a multidisciplinary research frontier. This reaction not only enables ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions but also offers the dual benefit of wastewater remediation and value-added chemical production. This Review highlights recent advances in single-atom site catalysts for NO₃RR. We first discuss the reaction mechanisms underlying nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, with an emphasis on in situ characterization techniques essential for mechanistic insights. We then provide a comprehensive overview of atomically dispersed catalysts in NO₃RR, focusing on the structure–activity relationships that inform the rational design of efficient systems. Finally, we summarize key findings and offer perspectives on current challenges and future directions. This Review aims to inform the development of environmentally benign ammonia synthesis strategies and nitrate valorization technologies, contributing to the advancement of green catalysis in the context of carbon neutrality.

导出引用

孙彭亮, 赵铮铮, 郑雄, 赵红颖, 郑广宏, 陈银广. 单原子位点电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 120-137

SUN Peng-liang, ZHAO Zheng-zheng, ZHENG Xiong, ZHAO Hong-ying, ZHENG Guang-hong, CHEN Yin-guang. Recent advances in single-atom site electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 120-137

中图分类号： X131

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