有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量及土壤质量的影响——基于长期等养分量替代的研究

严玲玲; 刘连华; 颜妙珺; 舒畅; 童立宇; 周志智; 李治潮

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 301-308.

土壤污染与控制

有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量及土壤质量的影响——基于长期等养分量替代的研究

严玲玲¹, 刘连华², 颜妙珺¹, 舒畅¹, 童立宇¹, 周志智¹, 李治潮¹

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Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based on long-term equal nutrient substitution

YAN Ling-ling¹, LIU Lian-hua², YAN Miao-jun¹, SHU Chang¹, TONG Li-yu¹, ZHOU Zhi-zhi¹, LI Zhi-chao¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

为探究长期有机肥替代等养分量化肥对水稻产量和土壤质量的影响,于2018~2023年开展了连续6年的大田定位实验,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),研究低施氮量条件下(早稻季135kg/hm²,晚稻季150kg/hm²),单施化肥(CF)、25%有机肥替代(COF25%)、50%有机肥替代(COF50%)对水稻生物量、产量和土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,施肥显著促进水稻植株生长及其对氮素吸收,并提高了水稻产量,但CF处理与有机肥替代处理(COF)的水稻产量、氮素利用效率和氮偏生产力没有显著差异(P>0.05).有机肥替代还田显著提升了土壤表层有机碳(SOC)含量,较CK处理增加了8.40%~13.04%的SOC含量,且随着有机肥还田比例的增加SOC提升量越大.施肥处理均显著提高了土壤全磷(24.30%~33.33%)和速效钾(25.60%~35.20%)的含量,且COF50%处理的总氮(TN)比CK处理显著增加了18.18%.土壤质量指数面积法分析结果显示,土壤质量随有机肥替代比例的增加而增加,COF25%和COF50%处理的土壤质量面积指数比CF处理分别高88.81%和222.40%.总体而言,25%~50%的有机肥替代既可保证水稻的正常生长和产量的稳定,又能通过提升SOC含量提升土壤质量.

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer substitution on rice yield and soil quality under the conditions of equal nutrient substitution, a continuous six-year (2018~2023) field experiment was conducted. Using a no-fertilizer treatment as control (CK), this study examined the effects of chemical fertilizer (CF), 25% organic fertilizer substitution (COF25%), and 50% organic fertilizer substitution (COF50%) under low nitrogen application rates (135kg/hm² in early rice season, 150kg/hm² in late rice season) on rice biomass, yield, and soil properties. Results showed that compared with CK, fertilization promoted rice plant growth, enhanced nitrogen uptake, and increased yield. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, or partial factor productivity of nitrogen between CF and COF. Organic fertilizer substitution significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 8.40%~13.04% compared to CK. Moreover, the extent of SOC improvement increased with higher organic fertilizer substitution rates. All fertilization treatments significantly increased soil total phosphorus (24.30%~33.33%) and available potassium (25.60%~35.20%) contents. COF50% treatment resulted in a 18.18% significant increase in total nitrogen (TN) compared to CK. Analysis using the soil quality index area method revealed that soil quality improved with increasing organic fertilizer substitution rates. The soil quality index area values for COF25% and COF50% treatments were 88.81% and 222.40% higher, respectively, than that of the CF treatment. In conclusion, 25%~50% organic fertilizer substitution ensured normal rice growth and stable yield while enhancing soil quality through increased SOC content.

导出引用

严玲玲, 刘连华, 颜妙珺, 舒畅, 童立宇, 周志智, 李治潮. 有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量及土壤质量的影响——基于长期等养分量替代的研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 301-308

YAN Ling-ling, LIU Lian-hua, YAN Miao-jun, SHU Chang, TONG Li-yu, ZHOU Zhi-zhi, LI Zhi-chao. Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based on long-term equal nutrient substitution[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 301-308

中图分类号： X712

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