盐度变化对干旱区湖泊湿地氮素归趋的影响

姜星宇; 胡洋; 邵克强; 汤祥明; 高光

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 319-328.

环境生态

盐度变化对干旱区湖泊湿地氮素归趋的影响

姜星宇, 胡洋, 邵克强, 汤祥明, 高光

作者信息 +

Effects of salinity changes on nitrogen fate in lakes and wetlands of arid regions

JIANG Xing-yu, HU Yang, SHAO Ke-qiang, TANG Xiang-ming, GAO Guang

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摘要

为探究水体盐分组成、浓度变化对干旱区湖泊关键氮素归趋过程的影响机制,对我国西北干旱区博斯腾湖和相思湖湿地开展了野外调查和盐度受控实验.野外调查结果表明,博斯腾湖及周边相思湖湿地反硝化速率的变化范围为7.2~131.4μmol/(kg·h),盐度是影响反硝化速率的关键环境因子;异化硝酸盐还原为铵(DNRA)速率的变化范围为2.6~19.9μmol/(kg·h),其主要受到水体溶解态有机碳和硝酸盐比值的影响.在受控实验中,盐度增加(0.2‰~6.6‰)对反硝化速率产生明显的抑制效应:随着硫酸钠浓度增加,博斯腾湖和相思湖反硝化速率分别下降25.7%和21.0%;随着氯化钠浓度增加,其速率分别下降36.7%和31.1%.在受控实验中,盐度变化同样对DNRA速率产生显著影响:随着硫酸钠浓度增加,博斯腾湖和相思湖DNRA速率均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势;随着氯化钠浓度增加,其速率则分别下降26.1%和27.8%.与DNRA相比,盐度增加对反硝化作用具有更强的抑制效应,导致DNRA速率在总的硝酸盐异化还原速率中所占比重呈现不断增加的趋势.总的来说,盐度增加会通过抑制反硝化速率增加湖泊的氮素浓度;通过增强DNRA占比提高湖泊的氮保留潜力,进而加重湖泊的氮污染风险.

Abstract

To investigate the influence of changes in water salinity (composition and concentration) on key nitrate reduction processes in lake wetlands of arid regions, field surveys and salinity-controlled experiments were conducted in Bosten Lake and Xiangsi Lake wetlands located in the arid zone of northwestern China. Field surveys revealed that denitrification rates in Bosten Lake and the surrounding Xiangsi Lake wetland ranged from 7.2 to 131.4 μmol/(kg·h), and salinity was identified as a key environmental factor affecting denitrification. The rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) varied from 2.6 to 19.9 μmol/(kg·h), which were primarily influenced by the ratio of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate in the water. In the salinity-controlled experiments, increased salinity (0.2‰~6.6‰) significantly inhibited denitrification rates: with increasing sodium sulfate concentration, denitrification rates declined by 25.7% (Bosten Lake) and 21.0% (Xiangsi Lake), respectively; while increasing sodium chloride concentration led to respective decreases of 36.7% and 31.1% in the two wetlands. Changes in salinity also significantly impacted DNRA rates: DNRA rates first increased and then decreased with rising sodium sulfate concentration in both wetlands, whereas they decreased by 26.1% (Bosten Lake) and 27.8% (Xiangsi Lake) with increasing sodium chloride concentration. Increased salinity exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on denitrificationcompared to DNRA, resulting in an elevated proportion of DNRA in total dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Overall, increased salinity will elevate lake nitrogen concentrations by inhibiting denitrification, while enhancing nitrogen retention potential by increasing the proportion of DNRA, thereby exacerbating the risk of nitrogen pollution in these lakes.

导出引用

姜星宇, 胡洋, 邵克强, 汤祥明, 高光. 盐度变化对干旱区湖泊湿地氮素归趋的影响[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 319-328

JIANG Xing-yu, HU Yang, SHAO Ke-qiang, TANG Xiang-ming, GAO Guang. Effects of salinity changes on nitrogen fate in lakes and wetlands of arid regions[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 319-328

中图分类号： X131.2

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