全球家庭纺织品洗涤源纤维微塑料释放及迁移通量模型评估

郭妍; 刘夏雨; 王艳; 王皓繁; 凡玉娟; 刘桓嘉; 程轲

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 409-415.

新污染物

全球家庭纺织品洗涤源纤维微塑料释放及迁移通量模型评估

郭妍¹, 刘夏雨¹, 王艳², 王皓繁¹, 凡玉娟¹, 刘桓嘉¹, 程轲¹

作者信息 +

Model-based evaluation of global release and transport flux of fiber microplastics from household textile laundry source

GUO Yan¹, LIU Xia-yu¹, WANG Yan², WANG Hao-fan¹, FAN Yu-juan¹, LIU Huan-jia¹, CHENG Ke¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

为量化评估家庭洗涤过程中纤维微塑料的排放情况及其空间分布特征,研究基于全球纺织品消费数据,结合洗涤过程微塑料释放因子,通过构建释放及迁移通量模型,评估了不同国家和地区的洗涤行为与污水处理水平差异对纤维微塑料释放特征的影响.模型结果显示,2022年全球范围内纤维微塑料排放总量约为229.88万t,其中印度、中国和美国为排放量最高的三个国家,排放量分别为62.45万t、47.14万t和33.28万t.经污水处理厂处理后,不同地区的微塑料去除效率差异明显,北美洲污水系统对微塑料的去除率最高,达78%,相比之下,亚洲和非洲地区去除水平低于全球平均水平.最终,未被截留的纤维微塑料通过河流进入海洋,其中恒河(1.65万t)、长江(1.24万t)和印度河(0.51万t)为排入海洋纤维微塑料量最多的三条河流.

Abstract

To quantitatively assess fiber microplastic emissions and their spatial distribution resulting from household laundering, a release and transport flux model was developed. This model, which integrates global textile consumption data with microplastic emission factors from laundering, was used to evaluate how variations in washing behaviors and wastewater treatment capacities across different countries and regions influence fiber microplastic release patterns. The simulation results indicated that the global emission of fiber microplastics from household washing reached approximately 2298.8kt in 2022. India, China, and the United States were identified as the top three contributors, with estimated emissions of 624.5kt, 471.4kt, and 332.8kt, respectively. Following wastewater treatment, significant regional differences in microplastic removal efficiency were observed. North America exhibited the highest removal rate at 78%, while removal efficiencies in Asia and Africa below the global average. Ultimately, fiber microplastics not retained during wastewater treatment entered the marine environment via river systems. The Ganges River (16.5kt), the Yangtze River (12.4kt), and the Indus River (5.1kt) were identified as the rivers with the highest annual fluxes of fiber microplastics into the ocean.

导出引用

郭妍, 刘夏雨, 王艳, 王皓繁, 凡玉娟, 刘桓嘉, 程轲. 全球家庭纺织品洗涤源纤维微塑料释放及迁移通量模型评估[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 409-415

GUO Yan, LIU Xia-yu, WANG Yan, WANG Hao-fan, FAN Yu-juan, LIU Huan-jia, CHENG Ke. Model-based evaluation of global release and transport flux of fiber microplastics from household textile laundry source[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 409-415

中图分类号： X52

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