2025年4月广东省一次罕见浮尘天气过程的气象成因分析

王俊彬; 李婷苑; 龚宇; 陈靖扬; 沈劲

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 41-52.

大气污染与控制

2025年4月广东省一次罕见浮尘天气过程的气象成因分析

王俊彬^1,2, 李婷苑^1,2, 龚宇^1,2, 陈靖扬^1,2, 沈劲³

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Synoptic mechanisms underlying a rare floating dust weather processin Guangdong Province during April 2025

WANG Jun-bin^1,2, LI Ting-yuan^1,2, GONG Yu^1,2, CHEN Jing-yang^1,2, SHEN Jin³

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摘要

2025年4月12~16日广东省出现了一次大范围的罕见浮尘天气过程,为了解本次过程的气象成因,基于多源融合观测资料和再分析资料进行了分析.结果表明,东亚大槽引导的冷空气在蒙古国西南部形成沙尘区,并推动沙尘深度南下,输入广东省.受沙尘影响,广东省21个城市均出现PM₁₀浓度超标,共计出现54个污染城数,其中有6个重度污染.13日广东全省平均PM₁₀浓度高达305.2μg/m³,是2014年以来第二高值的2.4倍,其中广州市PM₁₀日平均浓度最高(400μg/m³),显著高于2009年沙尘入粤过程的浓度值.沙尘源地的气候分析发现,受脊前西北气流影响,蒙古国西部大部分地区2~3月累积降水量在10mm以下,较历史同期偏少,导致土壤湿度降至近30年第4低的水平,为沙尘的形成提供了有利的下垫面条件.沙尘传输过程的分析指出,本次冷空气过程在南岭山脉区域形成了近30年最强的偏北风,极端强风推动沙尘颗粒直接翻越南岭山脉南下,将大量沙尘颗粒带入广东省.后向轨迹分析表明,到达广东省四大区域的沙尘颗粒前期均由内蒙古向南输送至湖北省,后期则沿北路、东北路和西北路3种不同路径南下,翻越不同高度的山脉地形后入粤,使得广东省出现大范围浮尘天气.

Abstract

To investigate the synoptic mechanisms underlying a rare, widespread floating dust weather process in Guangdong Province during 12~16 April 2025, analyses were conducted using multi-source integrated observational data and reanalysis data. The results reveal:The cold front guided by the East Asian trough generated a dust area in southwestern Mongolia and drove it southward into Guangdong Province.Under the influence of dust, PM₁₀ concentrations exceeded standards across all 21 cities in Guangdong, resulting in a total of 54 polluted cities (Including 6heavy pollution). On April 13, provincial average PM₁₀ concentration reached 305.2μg/m³, 2.4 times the magnitude of the second-highest concentration since 2014. Notably, Guangzhou registered the highest daily average PM₁₀ concentration (400μg/m³), significantly exceeding levels observed during the dust intrusion event affecting Guangdong in 2009. Climate analysis of the dust source region revealed that influenced by northwesterly flow ahead of a ridge, the cumulative precipitation in most parts of western Mongolia from February to March was below 10mm, significantly lower than the historical average for the same period. This resulted in soil moisture dropping to the fourth lowest level in the past 30 years, creating conducive underlying surface conditions for dust emission. Analysis of the dust transport process identified that the cold front generated the strongest northerly winds in the Nanling Mountains region in the past three decades. Driven by extreme winds, dust particles were carried directly across the Nanling Mountains andtransported southwards into Guangdong Province. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that dust particles reaching the four major regions of Guangdong were initially transported southward from Inner Mongolia to Hubei Province. Subsequently, they followed three distinct pathways (northern, northeastern, and northwestern routes) southward, traversing mountainous terrain of varying elevations to enter Guangdong, ultimately causing the extensive floating dust event.

导出引用

王俊彬, 李婷苑, 龚宇, 陈靖扬, 沈劲. 2025年4月广东省一次罕见浮尘天气过程的气象成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 41-52

WANG Jun-bin, LI Ting-yuan, GONG Yu, CHEN Jing-yang, SHEN Jin. Synoptic mechanisms underlying a rare floating dust weather processin Guangdong Province during April 2025[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 41-52

中图分类号： X513

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