气传致敏花粉爆发性增长过程的气象成因分析

胡祉懿; 孙兆彬; 张宇; 张涵; 马锋; 张勇; 唐源

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 503-514.

环境毒理与健康

气传致敏花粉爆发性增长过程的气象成因分析

胡祉懿¹, 孙兆彬², 张宇¹, 张涵¹, 马锋³, 张勇⁴, 唐源¹

作者信息 +

Analysis of meteorological drivers during the explosive growth process of airborne allergenic pollen

HU Zhi-yi¹, SUN Zhao-bin², ZHANG Yu¹, ZHANG Han¹, MA Feng³, ZHANG Yong⁴, TANG Yuan¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

气象条件对花粉浓度具有显著影响,本研究以我国花粉发病率最高的城市之一——陕西省榆林市为例,使用2019~2021年花粉浓度数据、气象数据,采用统计分析和天气学诊断的方法,分析了2021年8月4~7日榆林市一次花粉浓度爆发性增长过程的气象成因.结果表明:榆林市花粉浓度变化具有典型的季节性特征,呈现春秋两季双峰型.温度升高与低湿度环境共同触发沙蒿花药开裂,而1.5~3.0m/s风速区间有利于花粉扩散效率.研究时段内较大的近地面风速为花粉局地扩散提供了动力条件,但多变的风向阻碍了稳定传输通道的形成,造成花粉累积.就环流形势而言,高空槽脊转换与中低层反气旋活动是花粉累积的关键动力条件,下沉运动通过降低边界层高度及形成逆温层显著抑制大气扩散能力.总云量通过调控地表辐射收支与垂直运动,进一步影响边界层热力结构,低云量时段与边界层压缩的协同是浓度日累积高峰形成的关键气象因素.

Abstract

Meteorology is a known driver of pollen concentrations, using Yulin City in Shaanxi Province—a hotspot for pollen allergies in China—as a case study, this research integrates 2019~2021 pollen concentration data and meteorological observations. Through statistical analysis and synoptic diagnosis, we investigate the meteorological drivers of an explosive pollen surge from August 4~7, 2021. Key findings reveal:Pollen concentrations in Yulin show a clear bimodal seasonality with spring and autumn peaks. Anther dehiscence in Artemisia ordosica is triggered by rising temperature and low huidity, with winds of 1.5~3.0m/s being optimal for dispersal. Enhanced near-surface winds during the event facilitated local dispersion, but shifting wind directions impeded stable transport pathways, promoting localized accumulation. Synoptic diagnosis shows that a transition from upper-level through to a ridge, combined with mid-low-level anticyclonic activity, was critical. This pattern promoted subsidence, which suppresses atmospheric diffusion by reducing boundary-layer height and forming temperature inversions. Total cloud cover modulates surface radiation budgets and vertical motions, thereby influencing boundary-layer thermal structure. The key driver of the diurnal peaks was the synergy between periods of low cloud cover (<2oktas) and boundary-layer compression.

导出引用

胡祉懿, 孙兆彬, 张宇, 张涵, 马锋, 张勇, 唐源. 气传致敏花粉爆发性增长过程的气象成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 503-514

HU Zhi-yi, SUN Zhao-bin, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Han, MA Feng, ZHANG Yong, TANG Yuan. Analysis of meteorological drivers during the explosive growth process of airborne allergenic pollen[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 503-514

中图分类号： X513

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