多维视角下航空排放对我国大气环境的影响评估

马思萌; 汤慧娟; 韩博; 赵芸婷; 赵静波; 于剑

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 79-90.

大气污染与控制

多维视角下航空排放对我国大气环境的影响评估

马思萌^1,2, 汤慧娟^1,2, 韩博^1,2, 赵芸婷^2,3, 赵静波^1,2, 于剑^2,4

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Impact assessment of aviation emissions on China's atmospheric environment from a multidimensional perspective

MA Si-meng^1,2, TANG Hui-juan^1,2, HAN Bo^1,2, ZHAO Yun-ting^2,3, ZHAO Jing-bo^1,2, YU Jian^2,4

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摘要

为探究汾渭平原民用生物质燃烧清洁取暖改造后标志性污染物排放特征变化,在咸阳市农村地区对不同类型的民用生物质燃烧排放展开实地测试.结果显示,生物质成型颗粒自动进料炉的颗粒物排放以PM_2.5为主,PM_2.5、PM₁₀排放因子为1.14g/kg、1.28g/kg,显著低于传统炉具;PM_2.5中水溶性离子排放以K⁺和Cl^-为主(占比81.5%~94.3%),高于传统炉具25.9%~69.6%;由于燃料清洁且燃烧完全,PM_2.5中总碳(TC)排放因子为0.1~0.4g/kg,传统炉具TC排放因子为0.6~3.6g/kg.生物质成型颗粒自动进料炉PM_2.5中左旋葡聚糖(LG)的排放因子最低,特征比值LG/OC低于传统炉具,进一步说明新型生物质炉具对有机碳气溶胶排放贡献较低.基于实测的民用生物质燃烧源LG排放因子并结合经验公式推算,清洁取暖改造后民用生物质燃烧对有机碳气溶胶贡献下降6.4%.

Abstract

Based on the civil aviation emission inventory for China in 2019, the impacts of aviation emissions on the atmospheric environment were quantified using the CAMx model. Furthermore, the contributions of various flight phases to ground-level pollutant concentrations and their vertical distribution characteristics were explored. The results showed that aviation emissions were found to contribute 0.045 and 0.26μg/m³ to the annual average ground-level PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations in China in 2019, respectively, with significant regional and seasonal variations being exhibited. The impact of aviation emissions on PM_2.5 was observed to be greater in winter than in summer, while the higher photochemical reaction efficiency in summer was found to facilitate the generation of O₃. The influence of aviation emissions on ground-level PM_2.5 concentrations was mainly concentrated during the landing and take-off cycles, whereas O₃ formation was primarily attributed to emissions during the cruise phase. The vertical distribution of the contributions of aviation emissions to PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations was observed to exhibit pronounced seasonal variations. In summer, the contribution ratios in East China, Central South, and Southwest regions were found to peak at the 5~9km altitude layer (4.7% for PM_2.5 and 10.6% for O₃), whereas in winter, they were concentrated in the lower 0~2km layer (6.9% for PM_2.5 and 10.8% for O₃). In contrast, in regions such as Northwest China and Xinjiang, the peak contribution of aviation emissions to PM_2.5 concentrations during winter was primarily concentrated in the lower altitude layer below 1km (9.1% for PM_2.5 and 5.9% for O₃). However, in summer, influenced by dust storms, the peak contribution of PM_2.5 concentration in the northwest region was observed at an altitude of approximately 4km (8.1%).

导出引用

马思萌, 汤慧娟, 韩博, 赵芸婷, 赵静波, 于剑. 多维视角下航空排放对我国大气环境的影响评估[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(1): 79-90

MA Si-meng, TANG Hui-juan, HAN Bo, ZHAO Yun-ting, ZHAO Jing-bo, YU Jian. Impact assessment of aviation emissions on China's atmospheric environment from a multidimensional perspective[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 79-90

中图分类号： X51

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