有机污染物微生物降解机制及生物指示效应研究进展

张泽晗, 尚长健, 贾永锋, 胡良远, 杨芊芊, 尤迪, 刘瑶

中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 1000-1014.

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 1000-1014.
环境生态

有机污染物微生物降解机制及生物指示效应研究进展

  • 张泽晗, 尚长健, 贾永锋, 胡良远, 杨芊芊, 尤迪, 刘瑶
作者信息 +

Research progress on the microbial degradation mechanism of organic pollutants and their biological indicator effects

  • ZHANG Ze-han, SHANG Chang-jian, JIA Yong-feng, HU Liang-yuan, YANG Qian-qian, YOU Di, LIU Yao
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

针对当前研究存在的微生物降解有机污染物机制认识不足、环境因子影响复杂且其对自然衰减进程的指示作用不明确等问题,梳理了微生物降解代谢机制、关键环境因子的调控作用及自然衰减评估中微生物指标的应用.研究表明,有机污染物的生物降解具有多途径协同的特征,微生物在功能基因调控下合成特定生物酶通过多种途径实现高效降解.污染物浓度、电子供/受体等关键环境因子通过调控微生物活性与群落结构,直接影响自然衰减效能,生物代谢产物、微生物群落结构和功能基因等微生物指标能够有效指示自然衰减的进程与潜力.基于上述,本文深入了微生物代谢机制、环境因子作用及其指示功能的系统性理解,不仅构成了优化自然衰减管理的核心理论基础,也为建立基于微生物响应的监测与调控策略提供了科学依据.

Abstract

In response to existing research gaps—such as insufficient understanding of the mechanisms of microbial degradation of organic pollutants, the complex influence of environmental factors, and the unclear indicative role of these factors in natural attenuation processes—this study systematically reviews the metabolic mechanisms of microbial degradation, the regulatory effects of key environmental factors, and the application of microbial indicators in natural attenuation assessment.The research reveals that the biodegradation of organic pollutants exhibits synergistic multi-pathway characteristics, where microorganisms synthesize specific enzymes under the regulation of functional genes to achieve efficient degradation through diverse pathways. Key environmental factors, including pollutant concentration and electron donors/acceptors, directly affect the efficacy of natural attenuation by regulating microbial activity and community structure. Microbial indicators such as metabolic products, community structure, and functional genes can effectively reflect the progress and potential of natural attenuation.Based on these findings, this paper deepens the systematic understanding of microbial metabolic mechanisms, the role of environmental factors, and their indicative functions. This not only forms the core theoretical foundation for optimizing natural attenuation management but also provides a scientific basis for developing monitoring and regulation strategies based on microbial responses.

关键词

自然衰减 / 有机污染 / 生物降解 / 环境影响因子 / 微生物指标

Key words

natural attenuation / organic pollution / biodegradation / environmental impact factors / microbiological index

引用本文

导出引用
张泽晗, 尚长健, 贾永锋, 胡良远, 杨芊芊, 尤迪, 刘瑶. 有机污染物微生物降解机制及生物指示效应研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 1000-1014
ZHANG Ze-han, SHANG Chang-jian, JIA Yong-feng, HU Liang-yuan, YANG Qian-qian, YOU Di, LIU Yao. Research progress on the microbial degradation mechanism of organic pollutants and their biological indicator effects[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 1000-1014
中图分类号: X703.5   

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京津冀环境综合治理国家重大科技专项资助;京津冀区域地下水复合污染高分辨指纹识别及多维源解析技术研究(2025ZD1205703)

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