聚乳酸微塑料和三氯生复合暴露致斑马鱼发育和神经毒性

张浩雷; 宾雯锦; 李晓婧; 康歆妤; 邓智慧; 胡苏阳; 王慧利; 钱秋慧

PDF(1948 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 1028-1037.

环境毒理与健康

聚乳酸微塑料和三氯生复合暴露致斑马鱼发育和神经毒性

张浩雷, 宾雯锦, 李晓婧, 康歆妤, 邓智慧, 胡苏阳, 王慧利, 钱秋慧

作者信息 +

Developmental and neurotoxicity of zebrafish induced by combined exposure to polylactic acid microplastics and triclosan

ZHANG Hao-lei, BIN Wen-jin, LI Xiao-jing, KANG Xin-yu, DENG Zhi-hui, HU Su-yang, WANG Hui-li, QIAN Qiu-hui

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以斑马鱼为模式生物,探究聚乳酸微塑料(PLA MPs)与典型内分泌干扰物三氯生(TCS)联合暴露对神经系统发育的毒性效应.结果表明,PLA MPs可作为TCS的有效载体,其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.联合暴露显著诱导斑马鱼幼鱼出现脊椎弯曲、卵黄囊水肿、心率减缓及孵化率降低等畸形表型,且致畸效应较TCS单独暴露更为显著.此外,联合暴露引发机体氧化应激水平升高,自主运动活力下降56.5%,光暗节律紊乱,并伴随神经元数量减少、血管发育异常,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性显著降低37.4%,多巴胺(DA)含量略有下降.RT-qPCR分析进一步揭示,TCS单独暴露能够抑制神经发育相关基因表达并干扰细胞凋亡通路,而联合暴露进一步加剧上述效应,导致更显著的神经毒性.上述发现为生物可降解微塑料与有机污染物的复合污染风险评估提供了早期预警依据.

Abstract

This study employed zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism to investigate the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by combined exposure to polylactic acid microplastics (PLA MPs) and triclosan (TCS), a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical. The results demonstrated that PLA MPs can serve as efficient carriers for TCS, with adsorption kinetics well described by a pseudo-second-order model. Co-exposure significantly induced developmental malformations in zebrafish larvae, including spinal curvature, yolk sac edema, reduced heart rate, and decreased hatching success, with markedly more severe teratogenic effects compared to TCS exposure alone. Furthermore, combined exposure substantially elevated oxidative stress levels, reduced spontaneous locomotor activity by 56.5%, and disrupted light-dark locomotor rhythms. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by decreased neuronal abundance, abnormal vascular development, a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (37.4%), and a slight decrease in dopamine (DA) levels. RT-qPCR analysis further revealed that TCS alone suppressed the expression of genes associated with neurodevelopment and apoptosis regulation, whereas co-exposure with PLA MPs exacerbated these molecular disruptions, leading to more pronounced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential neurodevelopmental risks posed by the combined exposure to biodegradable MPs and organic endocrine disruptors, providing early warning evidence for ecological risk assessment of emerging composite pollutants in aquatic environments.

导出引用

张浩雷, 宾雯锦, 李晓婧, 康歆妤, 邓智慧, 胡苏阳, 王慧利, 钱秋慧. 聚乳酸微塑料和三氯生复合暴露致斑马鱼发育和神经毒性[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 1028-1037

ZHANG Hao-lei, BIN Wen-jin, LI Xiao-jing, KANG Xin-yu, DENG Zhi-hui, HU Su-yang, WANG Hui-li, QIAN Qiu-hui. Developmental and neurotoxicity of zebrafish induced by combined exposure to polylactic acid microplastics and triclosan[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 1028-1037

中图分类号： X503

参考文献

[1] Lee J S, Lee J S, Kim H S. Toxic effects of triclosan in aquatic organisms: A review focusing on single and combined exposure of environmental conditions and pollutants [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,920:170902.
[2] Chen X, Mou L, Qu J, et al. Adverse effects of triclosan exposure on health and potential molecular mechanisms [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2023,879:163068.
[3] Montaseri H, Forbes P B C. A review of monitoring methods for triclosan and its occurrence in aquatic environments [J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016,85:221-231.
[4] Amdany R, Chimuka L, Cukrowska E. Determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and triclosan in wastewater using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): A laboratory calibration and field application [J]. Water sa, 2014,40(3):407-414.
[5] Weatherly L M, Gosse J A. Triclosan exposure, transformation, and human health effects [J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2017,20(8):447-469.
[6] García-Espiñeira M C, Tejeda-Benítez L P, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxic effects of bisphenol A, propyl paraben, and triclosan on Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018,15(4):684.
[7] Rüdel H, Böhmer W, Müller M, et al. Retrospective study of triclosan and methyl-triclosan residues in fish and suspended particulate matter: results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank [J]. Chemosphere, 2013,91(11):1517-1524.
[8] Nassef M, Kim S G, Seki M, et al. In ovo nanoinjection of triclosan, diclofenac and carbamazepine affects embryonic development of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) [J]. Chemosphere, 2010,79(9):966-973.
[9] Olaniyan L W B, Mkwetshana N, Okoh A I. Triclosan in water, implications for human and environmental health [J]. Springerplus, 2016,5(1):1639.
[10] Wei L, Qiao P, Shi Y, et al. Triclosan/triclocarban levels in maternal and umbilical blood samples and their association with fetal malformation [J]. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2017,466:133-137.
[11] Azzouz A, Rascón A J, Ballesteros E. Simultaneous determination of parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in human urine, blood and breast milk by continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2016,119:16-26.
[12] Trivedi A, Maske P, Mote C, et al. Gestational and lactational exposure to triclosan causes impaired fertility of F1male offspring and developmental defects in F2generation [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,257:113617.
[13] Diao W, Qian Q, Sheng G, et al. Triclosan targets miR-144abnormal expression to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity mediated by activating PKC/MAPK signaling pathway [J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2022,431:128560.
[14] Padervand M, Lichtfouse E, Robert D, et al. Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review [J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2020,18(3):807-828.
[15] Li C, Busquets R, Campos L C. Assessment of microplastics in freshwater systems: A review [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,707:135578.
[16] Ding J, Li J, Sun C, et al. Detection of microplastics in local marine organisms using a multi-technology system [J]. Analytical Methods, 2019,11(1):78-87.
[17] Nuamah F, Tulashie S K, Debrah J S, et al. Microplastics in the gulf of guinea: an analysis of concentrations and distribution in sediments, gills, and guts of fish collected off the coast of Ghana [J]. Environmental Research, 2023,234:116567.
[18] Kögel T, Bjorøy Ø, Toto B, et al. Micro-and nanoplastic toxicity on aquatic life: Determining factors [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,709:136050.
[19] Li R, Nie J, Qiu D, et al. Toxic effect of chronic exposure to polyethylene nano/microplastics on oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and gut microbiota of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) [J]. Chemosphere, 2023, 339:139774.
[20] Zhao Q, Fang Z, Wang P, et al. Polylactic acid micro/nanoplastic exposure induces male reproductive toxicity by disrupting spermatogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice [J]. ACS nano, 2025,19(5):5589-5603.
[21] Okoffo E D, Chan C M, Rauert C, et al. Identification and quantification of micro-bioplastics in environmental samples by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022,56(19):13774-13785.
[22] Wang M, Li Q, Shi C, et al. Oligomer nanoparticle release from polylactic acid plastics catalysed by gut enzymes triggers acute inflammation [J]. Nature nanotechnology, 2023,18(4):403-411.
[23] Zhang L, Luo Y, Zhang Z, et al. Enhanced reproductive toxicity of photodegraded polylactic acid microplastics in zebrafish [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,912:168742.
[24] Shao Y, Hua X, Li Y, et al. Comparison of reproductive toxicity between pristine and aged polylactic acid microplastics in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024,466: 133545.
[25] Qian Q, Pu Q, Li L, et al. Polylactic acid microplastics before and after aging induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish by disrupting the microbiota- gut-brain axis [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025,488:137306.
[26] 周鑫,万可维,倪安煜,等.聚丙烯纳米塑料(PP-NPs)联合暴露促进有机磷阻燃剂EHDPP对斑马鱼幼鱼的发育和神经毒性[J].中国环境科学, 2024,44(11):6484-6494. Zhou X, Wan K W, Ni A Y, et al. Combined exposure to polypropylene nanoplastics (PP-NPs) enhances the developmental and neurotoxicity of organophosphorus flame retardant EHDPP in zebrafish larvae [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(11):6484-6494.
[27] León V M, García I, González E, et al. Potential transfer of organic pollutants from littoral plastics debris to the marine environment [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,236:442-453.
[28] Syberg K, Nielsen A, Khan F R, et al. Microplastic potentiates triclosan toxicity to the marine copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana) [J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2017,80(23/24):1369-1371.
[29] Liu X, Pu Q, Cheng Y, et al. Comparative impact of pristine and aged microplastics with triclosan on lipid metabolism in larval zebrafish: Unveiling the regulatory role of miR-217[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,929:172580.
[30] 王明亮,丁永芳,印鑫,等.斑马鱼在毒理学中的应用研究进展[J].中国实验动物学报, 2020,28(3):390-396. Wang M L, Ding Y F, Yin X, et al. Research progress regarding the application of zebrafish in toxicology [J]. Acta Lab Anim Sci Sin, 2020,28(3):390-396.
[31] Horzmann K A, Freeman J L. Zebrafish get connected: investigating neurotransmission targets and alterations in chemical toxicity [J]. Toxics, 2016,4(3):19.
[32] 蒲倩,张尚祎,陈晨,等.阿奇霉素急性暴露对斑马鱼幼鱼的毒性效应[J].中国环境科学, 2024,44(3):1671-1678. Pu Q, Zhang S Y, Chen C, et al. Toxic effects of acute exposure to azithromycin in zebrafish larvae [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(3):1671-1678.
[33] Jagini S, Konda S, Bhagawan D, et al. Emerging contaminant (triclosan) identification and its treatment: a review [J]. SN Applied Sciences, 2019,1:1-15.
[34] Yueh M F, Tukey R H. Triclosan: A widespread environmental toxicant with many biological effects [J]. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2016,56(1):251-272.
[35] Qiao R, Lu K, Deng Y, et al. Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and natural organic matter on the accumulation and toxicity of copper in zebrafish [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,682:128-137.
[36] Yu F, Hou Z S, Luo H R, et al. Zinc alters behavioral phenotypes, neurotransmitter signatures, and immune homeostasis in male zebrafish (Danio rerio) [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 828:154099.
[37] Xia M, Wang X, Xu J, et al. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure to zebrafish causes neurodevelopmental toxicity and abnormal locomotor behavior [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,758:143694.
[38] Halder N, Yadav S, Lal G. Neuroimmune communication of the cholinergic system in gut inflammation and autoimmunity [J]. Autoimmunity Reviews, 2024,23(12):103678.
[39] Cheng R, Jia Y, Dai L, et al. Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate disrupts axonal growth, cholinergic system and motor behavior in early life zebrafish [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2017,192:7-15.
[40] Leo D, Sukhanov I, Zoratto F, et al. Pronounced hyperactivity, cognitive dysfunctions, and BDNF dysregulation in dopamine transporter knock-out rats [J]. Journal of Neuroscience, 2018,38(8): 1959-1972.
[41] Chen C, Song J, Pu Q, et al. Azithromycin induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish by interfering with the VEGF/Notch signaling pathway [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,903:166505.
[42] Luo C, Zhang Q, Wang D, et al. Tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP) exposure induces neurotoxicity by triggering oxidative stress accompanied by neurotransmitter system disruptions and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2024,363:125137.
[43] Yuan L, Qian L, Qian Y, et al. Bisphenol F-induced neurotoxicity toward zebrafish embryos [J]. Environmental science & technology, 2019,53(24):14638-14648.
[44] Fan C Y, Cowden J, Simmons S O, et al. Gene expression changes in developing zebrafish as potential markers for rapid developmental neurotoxicity screening [J]. Neurotoxicology and teratology, 2010, 32(1):91-98.
[45] 盛诚,王馨颖,易珍,等.不同材质微塑料对三氯生的吸附及其在斑马鱼体内累积分布的影响[J].生态毒理学报, 2020,15(5):108- 117. Sheng C, Wang X Y, Yi Z, et al. Adsorption of triclosan by microplastics of different materials and their effects on accumulation and distribution in zebrafish [J]. Journals of Ecotoxicology, 2020, 15(5):108-117.
[46] 成冠辰,刘兴成,王慧利,等.微塑料和三氯生复合暴露致斑马鱼脂代谢紊乱[J].中国环境科学, 2025,45(3):1636-1646. Cheng G C, Liu X C, Wang H L, et al. The combined exposure to microplastics and triclosan disrupts lipid metabolism in zebrafish [J]. China Environmental Science, 2025,45(3):1636-1646.
[47] Ling Y, Sun L, Wang D, et al. Triclosan induces zebrafish neurotoxicity by abnormal expression of miR-219 targeting oligodendrocyte differentiation of central nervous system [J]. Archives of Toxicology, 2020,94(3):857-871.
[48] Wang W, Li X, Qian Q, et al. Mechanistic exploration on neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by upregulation of alkbh5targeted by triclosan exposure to larval zebrafish [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023,457:131831.
[49] Wu K, Wang D, Wang Y, et al. Distinct circuits in anterior cingulate cortex encode safety assessment and mediate flexibility of fear reactions [J]. Neuron, 2023,111(22):3650-3667.
[50] Ishihara K, Takata K, Mizutani K. Involvement of an aberrant vascular system in neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neuro- degenerative diseases [J]. Life, 2023,13(1):221.
[51] Diao W, Yan J, Wang X, et al. Mechanisms regarding cardiac toxicity triggered by up-regulation of miR-144in larval zebrafish upon exposure to triclosan [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023,443: 130297.
[52] Ham Sembiring M, Nursanti O, Aisyah Rahmania T. Molecular docking and toxicity studies of nerve agents against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [J]. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2023,43(5):115-122.
[53] Zhang H, Liu Y, Huang Y, et al. Abamectin causes neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025,26(1):349.
[54] Wang S, Han X, Yu T, et al. Isoprocarb causes neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022,242:113870.
[55] Wang L, Mao B, He H, et al. Comparison of hepatotoxicity and mechanisms induced by triclosan (TCS) and methyl-triclosan (MTCS) in human liver hepatocellular HepG2 cells [J]. Toxicology Research, 2019,8(1):38-45.