供暖变化对石家庄PM2.5中PAHs赋存特征及来源的影响研究

王逸飞; 杨雪晶; 郭雨; 王冉; 姚波; 崔建升

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 646-656.

大气污染与控制

供暖变化对石家庄PM_2.5中PAHs赋存特征及来源的影响研究

王逸飞, 杨雪晶, 郭雨, 王冉, 姚波, 崔建升

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Study on the impact of heating changes on the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang

WANG Yi-fei, YANG Xue-jing, GUO Yu, WANG Ran, YAO Bo, CUI Jian-sheng

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摘要

研究供暖变化对PM_2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)赋存特征和来源的影响对于城市大气污染控制具有重要意义.在供暖期与非供暖期间,分别在石家庄市区布设3个点位采集42个PM_2.5样品,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS/MS)测定了16种PAHs的浓度,并基于此对PAHs的浓度变化、来源和健康风险进行分析.结果表明,供暖期间与非供暖期间PAHs的平均浓度分别为13.97ng/m³和10.63ng/m³,苯并[a]芘(BaP)为主要污染物.PAHs与温度、湿度O₃呈显著负相关,与PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO呈显著正相关,并且得出温度、PM_2.5和O₃是影响供暖期前后PAHs浓度的主要因素;特征比值法和PMF源解析(PMF)均表明供暖期间PAHs的主要来源为交通排放源和煤-生物质燃烧源,非供暖期为交通排放源和石油类污染(包括油挥发和液体燃料燃烧),交通排放源为PAHs的主要贡献源; TrajStat模型分析发现PAHs主要污染源来自于西北方向,京津冀及河南地区为主要污染地区,供暖期间PAHs扩散条件较差;健康风险评估结果表明石家庄市区PM_2.5中PAHs对成人及儿童均无风险,但儿童终身癌症风险值是成人的2倍,需引起注意.

Abstract

Studying the impact of heating changes on the occurrence characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 is of great significance for urban air pollution control. In this study, 42 PM_2.5 samples were collected at three sites in the urban area of Shijiazhuang during the heating and non-heating seasons. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Based on these data, the concentration changes, sources, and health risks of PAHs were analyzed. The results showed that the average concentrations of PAHs during the heating and non-heating seasons were 13.97ng/m³ and 10.63ng/m³, respectively, with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) being the primary pollutant. PAHs exhibited significant negative correlations with temperature, humidity, and O₃, and significant positive correlations with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO. It was concluded that temperature, PM_2.5, and O₃ were the primary factors influencing PAH concentrations before and after the heating season. Both the characteristic ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment indicated that transportation emissions and coal-biomass combustion sources were the primary sources of PAHs during the heating season, while transportation emissions and petroleum-related pollution (including oil evaporation and liquid fuel combustion) were the primary sources during the non-heating season. Transportation emissions were the main contributor to PAHs. The TrajStat model analysis revealed that the primary pollution sources of PAHs originate from the northwest, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Henan Province being the main pollution areas, and PAH dispersion conditions were poor during the heating season. The health risk assessment results indicate that the PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang city do not pose a risk to adults or children, but the lifetime cancer risk value for children is twice that for adults, warranting attention.

导出引用

王逸飞, 杨雪晶, 郭雨, 王冉, 姚波, 崔建升. 供暖变化对石家庄PM_2.5中PAHs赋存特征及来源的影响研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 646-656

WANG Yi-fei, YANG Xue-jing, GUO Yu, WANG Ran, YAO Bo, CUI Jian-sheng. Study on the impact of heating changes on the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 646-656

中图分类号： X513

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