基于船载走航的长江湖北段PM2.5特征及来源

郑煌; 陈楠; 郑淑睿; 许可; 郑明明

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 666-675.

大气污染与控制

基于船载走航的长江湖北段PM_2.5特征及来源

郑煌^1,2, 陈楠^3,4, 郑淑睿⁵, 许可^3,4, 郑明明⁵

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Characterization and source apportionment of PM_2.₅ along the Hubei stretch of the Yangtze River using ship-based mobile monitoring

ZHENG Huang^1,2, CHEN Nan^3,4, ZHENG Shu-rui⁵, XU Ke^3,4, ZHENG Ming-ming⁵

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摘要

2024年8月28日~9月3日,利用船载测量仪器对长江湖北段大气污染物浓度进行观测,获得了江面上大气污染浓度以及细颗粒物(PM_2.5)化学组分信息.结果表明,走航期间,长江湖北段上CO、NO₂、O₃和SO₂平均浓度分别为(0.75 ± 0.22)mg/m³、(19.87 ± 12.77)µg/m³、(74.23 ± 39.22)µg/m³和(21.98 ± 8.81)µg/m³,均未超过《环境空气质量标准》一级标准.走航期间PM_2.5质量浓度为(35.84 ± 12.08)µg/m³,其中有机物占比最高((21.94± 7.36)%),其次为SO₄^2-((20.53 ± 10.31)%)、NO₃^-((19.88 ± 12.29)%)和NH₄⁺((12.80± 4.70)%).利用受体模型解析得到PM_2.5来源于二次无机气溶胶、船舶排放、生物质燃烧和工业排放,其贡献率分别为(47.86 ± 6.17)%、(26.61± 3.32)%、(18.29 ± 6.57)%和(8.38 ± 4.68)%.对比走航观测和陆地超站观测数据发现,江面上的二次生成作用更强.耦合FLEXPART后向模拟和PM_2.5排放清单,计算得到研究区域内各格点对走航路线上PM_2.5浓度的相对贡献,长江沿岸的贡献率为76.90%,其他区域的贡献为23.10%.FLEXPART前向模拟结果表明,船舶排放对长江沿线的影响高于其他地区.

Abstract

From August 28 to September 3, 2024, the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and chemical compositions of PM_2.5 along the Hubei stretch of the Yangtze River were obtained using on aboard instruments. During the mobile survey, the average concentrations of CO, NO₂, O₃, and SO₂ were (0.75 ± 0.22) mg/m³, (19.87 ± 12.77) µg/m³, (74.23 ± 39.22) µg/m³, and (21.98 ± 8.81) µg/m³ respectively, all below China's Grade I Ambient Air Quality Standards. The mean PM_2.5 mass concentration was (35.84 ± 12.08) µg/m³, with organic matters being the dominant component ((21.94 ± 7.36)%), followed by SO₄^2-((20.53 ± 10.31)%), NO₃^-((19.88 ± 12.29)%), and NH+ 4((12.80 ± 4.70)%). Using the receptor model, four PM_2.5 sources including secondary inorganic aerosols, ship emissions, biomass burning, and industrial emissions were apportioned with contributions of (47.86 ± 6.17)%, (26.61 ± 3.32)%, (18.29 ± 6.57)%, and (8.38 ± 4.68)%, respectively. Comparison between mobile ship-based observations and land-based stationary supersite observations revealed stronger secondary formation over the river surface. By coupling the FLEXPART backward simulation with the PM_2.5 emission inventory, the relative contribution of each grid point in the study area to the PM_2.5 concentration along the mobile monitoring route was calculated and the contribution rate along the Yangtze River was 76.90%, while other regions accounted for 23.10%. FLEXPART forward simulation indicated that the ship emissions exerting greater impacts on the riverine regions than other areas.

导出引用

郑煌, 陈楠, 郑淑睿, 许可, 郑明明. 基于船载走航的长江湖北段PM_2.5特征及来源[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 666-675

ZHENG Huang, CHEN Nan, ZHENG Shu-rui, XU Ke, ZHENG Ming-ming. Characterization and source apportionment of PM_2.₅ along the Hubei stretch of the Yangtze River using ship-based mobile monitoring[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 666-675

中图分类号： X513

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