针对传统上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)处理实际垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液时存在的系统易酸化、污泥易流失及产甲烷效能较差等问题,构建了微生物电解池耦合UASB系统(MEC-UASB)处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液.经过145d的运行表明:在1V电压条件下,系统性能得到显著提升. MEC-UASB出水的COD去除率达80.6%,较UASB出水提高21.0%,且当COD负荷剧增时,去除率衰减幅度较UASB对照组降低13.6%,说明其抗负荷冲击能力显著增强;MEC-UASB系统的产甲烷效率是对照组的1.53倍,达到(0.23±0.01) m3CH4/kg COD;同时,通过对系统碳排放核算发现,MEC-UASB系统的净碳减排量达10.54kg CO2/m3,较UASB减排21.9%.综合微生物的酶活性能和群落结构分析,MEC-UASB系统的优势主要归因于电刺激促进了氢营养型产甲烷菌的富集、胞外聚合物(EPS)的分泌以及电子传递效率的提升,从而改善了污泥截留效果并提升了微生物活性. MEC-UASB系统在高负荷条件下不仅具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,还表现出良好的污染物去除效能、碳减排潜力和经济性,能够实现长期稳定运行.
Abstract
Traditional up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors face challenges such as system acidification, sludge washout, and inferior methanogenic performance during the treatment of actual waste incineration plant leachate. To address these issues, this study constructed a microbial electrolysis cell coupled with a UASB system (MEC-UASB) for treating leachate from waste incineration plants. After 145days of operation, the system demonstrated significantly enhanced performance under an applied voltage of 1V. The COD removal rate of the MEC-UASB effluent reached 80.6%, which was 21.0% higher than that of the UASB control. Moreover, following a sharp increase in COD loading, the attenuation of removal efficiency in the MEC-UASB system was 13.6% lower than that of the control, indicating markedly improved resistance to shock loads. Furthermore, the methane production efficiency of the MEC-UASB system was 1.53 times that of the control, reaching (0.23 ± 0.01) m3CH4/kg COD. Carbon emission accounting further revealed that the net carbon reduction of the MEC-UASB system reached 10.54kg CO2/m3, which was 21.9% higher than that of the UASB system. Based on analyses of microbial enzyme activity and community structure , the enhanced performance of the MEC-UASB system was primarily attributed to electrostimulation. This process promoted the enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, increased the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and enhanced electron transfer efficiency, thereby improving sludge retention and microbial activity. This study demonstrates that the MEC-UASB system resists shock loads robustly under high organic loading conditions, while achieving efficient pollutant removal, significant carbon emission reduction, and economic benefits for long-term stable operation.
关键词
MEC-UASB /
垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液 /
污染物去除效能 /
碳减排潜力
Key words
MEC-UASB /
incineration leachate /
contaminant removal performance /
carbon reduction potential
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(2022YFC3201905)
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