冬季某污水厂AO+MBBR工艺微生物群落及氮代谢特征分析

郝桂珍; 高瑞峰; 纪建立; 王伊琳; 黄建平; 王佳伟

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 737-748.

水污染与控制

冬季某污水厂AO+MBBR工艺微生物群落及氮代谢特征分析

郝桂珍^1,2, 高瑞峰², 纪建立³, 王伊琳³, 黄建平³, 王佳伟^1,2

作者信息 +

Analysis on microbial community and nitrogen metabolism characteristics of AO + MBBR process in a wastewater treatment plant in winter

HAO Gui-zhen^1,2, GAO Rui-feng², JI Jian-lian³, WANG Yi-lin³, HUANG Jian-ping³, WANG Jia-wei^1,2

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文章历史 +

摘要

通过分析北方某城市污水处理厂110d的实际运行数据,结合活性污泥(N)及缺氧(A),好氧(O)生物膜的宏基因检测结果,解析了冬季低温(13~15℃)A工况下AO+MBBR工艺的污染物去除特征及功能菌群与氮代谢关联机制.研究发现,生物膜的微生物群落丰富度更高,属水平上,Candidatus_ Microthrix丝状菌为冬季污水厂好氧区主要优势菌种(占比N=17.63%,O=10.12%),而Nitrospira占比较低(N=2.09%,O=3.58%).基于氮代谢相关酶KO(RPKM)丰度结果,Candidatus_Microthrix未检出携带硝化反应相关基因,反映其与硝化菌存在竞争.此外,硝化与反硝化关键基因均在生物膜中丰度最高(AmoCAB:N=1.42,O=70.94;NarGHI:N=410.57,A=1119.12)生物膜系统中丰度最高.RDA结果进一步表明,MBBR生物膜系统功能基因冗余性更高,对环境波动响应更稳定,抗冲击能力优于AO活性污泥系统.研究结论可为污水厂冬季低温条件下工艺优化调控提供参考.

Abstract

Based on 110d of full-scale operational data from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a northern Chinese city, combined with metagenomic analyses of activated sludge (N) and anoxic (A) and aerobic (O) biofilms, this study investigated pollutant removal characteristics of the AO + MBBR process under winter low-temperature conditions (13~15°C) and elucidated the associations between key functional taxa and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that the biofilm exhibited higher microbial community richness than the suspended sludge. At the genus level, the filamentous bacterium Candidatus_Microthrix was the dominant taxon in the aerobic zone during winter, accounting for 17.63% in N and 10.12% in O, whereas Nitrospira was present at relatively low abundance (2.09% in N and 3.58% in O). According to the abundance of nitrogen-metabolism-related enzyme KOs (RPKM), Candidatus_Microthrix carried no detectable genes involved in nitrification, suggesting competitive interactions with nitrifiers. In addition, key genes for both nitrification and denitrification were most abundant in the biofilm, including AmoCAB (N=1.42, O=70.94) and NarGHI (N=410.57, A=1119.12). Redundancy analysis (RDA) further indicated that the MBBR biofilm system had higher functional gene redundancy, exhibited a more stable response to environmental fluctuations, and showed better shock resistance than the AO activated-sludge system. These findings provide a scientific basis for process optimization and operational regulation of municipal wastewater treatment plants under winter low-temperature conditions.

导出引用

郝桂珍, 高瑞峰, 纪建立, 王伊琳, 黄建平, 王佳伟. 冬季某污水厂AO+MBBR工艺微生物群落及氮代谢特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 737-748

HAO Gui-zhen, GAO Rui-feng, JI Jian-lian, WANG Yi-lin, HUANG Jian-ping, WANG Jia-wei. Analysis on microbial community and nitrogen metabolism characteristics of AO + MBBR process in a wastewater treatment plant in winter[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 737-748

中图分类号： X703.5

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