基于网络环境分析的锡矿山地区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价

谢青; 任伯帜; 曾方明

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 843-857.

土壤污染与控制

基于网络环境分析的锡矿山地区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价

谢青¹, 任伯帜², 曾方明¹

作者信息 +

Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in soils in the Xikuangshan area based on network environ analysis

XIE Qing¹, REN Bo-zhi², ZENG Fang-ming¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以锡矿山地区为研究对象,分析表层(0~0.5m)、中层(1.0~1.5m)和深层(2.5~3.0m)土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Mn和Sb含量及污染特征,采用网络环境分析(NEA)等多种方法评价其生态风险,并基于绝对主成分-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)受体模型解析风险来源.结果表明,研究区土壤中重金属含量总体表现为表层土壤高于下层土壤,除Pb外的其它元素平均含量均超过湖南省土壤背景值.随着土层深度的增加,重金属含量变化不显著,污染已迁移至深层.不同深度土壤中Sb和Hg具高毒性概率和高生态风险,As具较高毒性概率和中等风险,Cd存在强生态风险但毒性概率低.表层土壤植被对微生物的初始风险是植被对草食动物的2.23倍,是植被对肉食动物的22.33倍,Sb的综合生态风险最高,土壤微生物是最高的风险受体.源解析表明,土壤Zn、Pb、Cd主要来自工矿冶炼和交通运输等大气沉降,其次受废石尾矿淋滤释放影响;As、Mn和Sb主要受废石、尾矿淋滤释放的影响,其次是地质背景等自然源;Hg来源于废石尾矿重金属的淋滤释放和污水灌溉等农业活动.

Abstract

Systematic analyses were conducted on total contents and pollution characteristics of Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mn and Sb in surface (0~0.5m), middle (1.0~1.5m), and deep (2.5~3.0m) soils of the Xikuangshan area. Ecological risks of heavy metals (HMs) were evaluated by using potential ecological risk index (PERI), mean effect range median quotient (MERMQ) and network environ analysis (NEA), and their potential sources were apportioned and identified through an absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model. The results showed that the HM contents in the surface layer were highest, and the average contents of all elements except Pb in soils exceeded the background values of Hunan Province. As the soil depth increased, the changes of HM contents were not significant, indicating contamination has diffused to deeper layers. The antimony mining area exhibited a high probability of toxic effect and severe ecological risk for Sb and Hg, moderate toxic probability and risk for As, and a high risk yet low toxic probability for Cd. In topsoil, the initial risk transmitted from vegetation to microorganisms was 2.23-fold that to herbivores and 22.33-fold that to carnivores. Notably, Sb posed the highest comprehensive ecological risk, and soil microorganisms were the most vulnerable ecological receptor. Source apportionment revealed that Zn, Pb and Cd in soils primarily originated from atmospheric deposition of industrial/mining smelting and transportation, and also impacted by the waste rocks/tailings leaching. As, Mn and Sb predominantly derived from waste rocks /tailings leaching, supplemented by natural resource of high geological background. Hg mainly stemmed from agricultural activities, particularly sewage irrigation, with secondary contributions from waste rocks /tailings leaching.

导出引用

谢青, 任伯帜, 曾方明. 基于网络环境分析的锡矿山地区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 843-857

XIE Qing, REN Bo-zhi, ZENG Fang-ming. Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in soils in the Xikuangshan area based on network environ analysis[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 843-857

中图分类号： X53

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