枯水期地表水流域N2O产生潜势及其微生物驱动机制

王旭敏; 潘晨辉; 唐飞; 赵斯雯; 孙立博; 蒋佳益; 宋佳秀

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中国环境科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 945-952.

环境生态

枯水期地表水流域N₂O产生潜势及其微生物驱动机制

王旭敏^1,2, 潘晨辉¹, 唐飞¹, 赵斯雯¹, 孙立博², 蒋佳益², 宋佳秀¹

作者信息 +

N₂O generation potential and microbial mechanisms in surface water basins during low-water periods

WANG Xu-min^1,2, PAN Chen-hui¹, TANG Fei¹, ZHAO Si-wen¹, SUN Li-bo², JIANG Jia-yi², SONG Jia-xiu¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

以淡水沉积物及岸边带土壤为研究对象,沿着漕河上游至下游进行沉积物和岸边带土壤样品的采集,通过测定N₂O产生潜势,结合理化性质和微生物群落特征,探讨了沉积物和岸边带土壤N₂O各产生途径的空间贡献率及微生物驱动机制.结果显示:硝化反应是漕河流域N₂O产生的主要途径;上游是漕河流域N₂O产生的热区;相比于岸边带土壤,沉积物为河流生态系统N₂O产生的主要贡献者.N₂O各途径产生潜势不仅受环境因子(含水率、有机碳(TOC)、pH值及氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)浓度等)的影响,还受N₂O产生者和还原者的功能基因和微生物群落结构的影响.NH₄⁺-N浓度是决定群落组成差异性的最主要的环境因子. 亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)、纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)、披毛菌属(Gallionella)和还原硫酸盐互营杆菌属(Syntrophobacter)是驱动硝化过程的关键菌属.上述结果阐明了河流氨氮污染通过加强硝化过程促进N₂O释放的机制,为河流N₂O的减排控制提供了理论依据.

Abstract

Freshwater sediments and riparian zone soils were selected as research objects, with samples collected along the Caohe River from upstream to downstream. By determining N₂O generation potential and analyzing physicochemical properties as well as microbial community characteristics, the spatial contribution rates of various N₂O production pathways and the underlying microbial driving mechanisms in sediments and riparian zone soils were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that nitrification was the dominant pathway for N₂O production in the Caohe River Basin. The upstream section of the river was identified as a hotspot of N₂O generation, and sediments—compared with riparian zone soils—acted as the primary contributors to N₂O emissions in the river ecosystem. The N₂O generation potential of each pathway was influenced not only by environmental factors (e.g., water content, total organic carbon (TOC), pH, and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) concentration) but also by the functional genes and microbial community structures of N₂O producers and reducers. Among these environmental factors, NH₄⁺-N concentration was the most critical factor regulating variations in microbial community composition. Nitrosomonas, Cellvibrio, Gallionella, and Syntrophobacter were confirmed as the key bacterial genera driving the nitrification process. These findings clarify the mechanism by which ammonia-nitrogen pollution in rivers promotes N₂O release through enhancing nitrification, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the emission reduction and control of N₂O in river systems.

导出引用

王旭敏, 潘晨辉, 唐飞, 赵斯雯, 孙立博, 蒋佳益, 宋佳秀. 枯水期地表水流域N₂O产生潜势及其微生物驱动机制[J]. 中国环境科学. 2026, 46(2): 945-952

WANG Xu-min, PAN Chen-hui, TANG Fei, ZHAO Si-wen, SUN Li-bo, JIANG Jia-yi, SONG Jia-xiu. N₂O generation potential and microbial mechanisms in surface water basins during low-water periods[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 945-952

中图分类号： X522

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