Effect of the association between PM2.5 and its water-soluble ions and hospital outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Shenyang City
HONG Ye1, ZHANG Ying2, MA Yan-jun1, ZHANG Jun3, HOU Shuai3, WANG Shi-gong2, CHEN Kai-Qi4, LI Hui5, ZHANG Yun-hai1, ZHOU De-ping1, WANG Yang-feng1
1. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China;
2. Collage of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610025, China;
3. The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, China;
4. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
5. The Third the People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu 233000, China
A semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between PM2.5 and its water-soluble (WS) ions and daily respiratory hospital outpatient visits from 2015 to 2016 in Shenyang after a complex control of the long-term trend, the "day of the week" effect, and the meteorological parameter. The layering model was established for people with different sexes and ages. The results showed that PM2.5 and its WS ions had a lag correlation with daily outpatient visits. Due to the coal burning emissions in winter, PM2.5, NO3-and NH4+ had a significantly positively correlative with outpatient visits. With the largest correlation coefficient of 2-days lags (avg01). Under the optimal lagging time, the excess risk (ER%) of daily outpatients was increased by 1.31% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.2%~1.43% when PM2.5 concentration increased 10µg/m3. As ionic concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Na+ increased by 1interquartile range (IQR), the ER% of daily outpatients increased by 3.22% (with 95%CI:2.81%~3.62%), 4.67%(4.13%~5.22%), 5.41%(4.49%~6.33%), 7.38%(3.91%~10.96%), 0.14% (-6.34%-7.07%), 7.64% (-11.87%-31.47%), 3.57%(-2.83%-10.39%) and 0.46%(-16.64%-21.06%), respectively. PM2.5, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+ had a greater effect on the number of respiratory disease female outpatients than on male ones. Compared with the population aged between 15 and 65, PM2.5, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+ and Na+ exerted a greater effect on the elderly population aged 65 and above. This indicated that there was difference among population of different sexes and ages due to the divergence in physiological structure and environmental factors.
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HONG Ye, ZHANG Ying, MA Yan-jun, ZHANG Jun, HOU Shuai, WANG Shi-gong, CHEN Kai-Qi, LI Hui, ZHANG Yun-hai, ZHOU De-ping, WANG Yang-feng. Effect of the association between PM2.5 and its water-soluble ions and hospital outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Shenyang City. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2018, 38(12): 4697-4705.
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