Toxic effects of surfactants on microorganisms in surface water
CHE Yang-li1, WEI Xiao-fang2, ZHANG Zhou1, ZHONG Yao-yao1, ZHANG Qun2, LIU Fang1,3, LIU Chun-shuang1,3
1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
2. Petro China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Beijing 100083, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
The effects of betaine and petroleum sulfonate surfactants on the quantity and metabolic activity of microorganisms in surface water were investigated in this study. In addition, we also analyzed the changes of microbial community structure before and after treatment with surfactants based on the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the flora. The results showed that the growth activities of microorganisms under the stress of these two surfactants all present the phenomenon of promotion in low concentration and inhibition in high concentration, showing obvious concentration dependence. Compared with the control group, the microbial biomass, protein content and dehydrogenase activity were significantly decreased in the presence of 1.5g/L surfactants, and microbial community showed higher biological toxicity with betaine surfactant than petroleum sulfonate at the same concentration. The analysis of flora diversity indicated that Enterobacter (with a ratio of more than 75%) was the dominant genus in all samples. From each group, petroleum sulfonate can effectively improve the relative abundance of Enterobacter, and exert a significant inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas and Rhizobium. However, betaine can significantly increase the proportion of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, and inhibit the reproduction of Enterobacter and Rhizobium. Through the interaction between surfactant and pure bacteria, it was shown that surfactant could interfere with the normal physiological function of cells by disturbing the growth cycle of bacteria and destroying the structure of cell membrane, resulting in the reduction of its activity and even death.
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